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Astronomy > Exam 1 Part 2 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards

0
Q

Nuclear reactions burn hydrogen into…

A

Helium (loss mass and release energy)

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1
Q

Absorbed solar energy

A

(E^absorb)

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2
Q

Inside the core the particle density and temperature are so high, that…

A

Individual protons ram into each other at sufficient speed to forming heavier He atoms and releasing energy

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3
Q

The current age of the Sun is determined from….

A

Radioactive dating of the oldest objects in our solar system

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4
Q

The time from now to “die” of Sun…

A

The time runs out all energy generated in the core of sun by Thermonuclear reactions

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5
Q

Lifetime…

A

Total available energy/heat flow rate at surface luminosity

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6
Q

Heat flow rate

A

Solar luminosity/energy released per second

3.8 X 10^26 W

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7
Q

Lifetime (T)

A

Total energy/heat flow rate

T = E/Ls

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8
Q

Earths only satellite

A

Moon

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9
Q

Size, density, mass, and gravity

A

Diameter = 3500 km
Average density = 3360 kg/m^3
Mass = 7.35×10^22 kg
Surface gravity = 1.62m/s^2

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10
Q

Large day – night temperature difference

A 
Surface temperature (day) = 380 K (107 C)
Surface temperature (night)= 120 K (-153 C)
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11
Q

Low albedo (reflectivity)

A

Average = .1

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12
Q

Tidal locking (Always one side facing to earth)

A

Orbital period = 27 days

Rotational period = 27 days

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13
Q

There are so many craters on the surface of the moon with varying sizes because…

A

Little atmosphere and no plate tectonics

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14
Q

Highland (Bright area) can be…

A

7.5 km

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15
Q

Mare is flat and young lowland, which is covered by

A

Lava

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16
Q

Daytime surface temperature of the moon is…

A

107°C

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17
Q

Every 27 days all surface of the moon is exposed to the sun…

A

High daytime temperature will evaporate liquid/solid water

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18
Q

The Indian moon spacecraft provided evidence of…

A

Icewater on surface

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19
Q

Where does this ice water come from?

A

Comets

20
Q

Crust and mantel are both responsible for…

A

Tectonics, earthquakes, and volcanoes

21
Q

Outer core is related to the….

A

Magnetic field of the earth

22
Q

The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called…

A

Plates

23
Q

Boundaries of plates rarely correspond to the boundaries of…

A

Oceans and continents

24
Q

Three boundaries…

A

Divergent, convergent, and transform

25
Q

Plate boundaries are related to…

A

Earthquake, volcano, and mountain building

26
Q

Earthquakes are the sources of…

A

Seesmic waves

27
Q

Seesmic waves can help us understand/explore the…

A

Internal structure of ours. Body (P-primary) waves and surface (S- second/shear) waves

28
Q

Wave speed:

A

P wave > S wave > surface waves

29
Q

The magnetic field earth is generated by the…

A

Outer core

30
Q

There is 12° between…

A

Magnetic pole and geographical (rotation axis)

31
Q

Magnetic poles vary…

A

With time

32
Q

Layers in the Earth’s atmosphere are defined by…

A

Temperature

33
Q

Five layers of the earth’s atmosphere

A

Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere

34
Q

In regards to earth’s atmosphere of the layers, the troposphere is…

A

The lowest layer

35
Q

Troposphere temperature decreases about…

A

6.5 K/km (expanding/working)

36
Q

Troposphere extends up to…

A

10 km (decreases from equator to pole)

37
Q

Troposphere contains 99% of the water vapor and…

A

75% of the atmospheric gases

38
Q

Weather occurs in what layer?

A

Troposphere

39
Q

For a low-pressure system, the air parcel will converge to the center (convergence). With the solid surface the converged air parcel will raise to develop…

A

Into a cloud (cloudy)

40
Q

For a high-pressure system, the air parcel will move to outside (divergence). So there will be thinking motion in the atmosphere. In general, the sinking motion does not benefit the cloud formation. So the clouds are…

A

Lacking in a high-pressure system (clear sky – sunny)

41
Q

Raising warming air parcel will expand (work) to lose energy (cooling). The cooling will make the unsaturated air parcel condensation to develop into…

A

Cloud drops

42
Q

With some different processes, the cloud drops will grow in size inside of the clouds. When the droplets grow to a certain size (raindrops) their…

A

Gravity will be larger then the buoyancy force and fall to the ground

43
Q

With different processes from cloud drops to raindrops, There are different types of…

A

Precipitation: rain, snow, and hail

44
Q

Lightning size

A

100 to 1000 m in horizontal direction; up to 20 km in vertical direction

45
Q

Lightning lifetime:

A

A few minutes to a few hours

46
Q

In general, there are strong upwelling and downwelling motions within thunderstorms. The strong will upwelling motions result in…

A

High precipitations

47
Q

There is generally lightning with thunderstorms. Lightning happens when…

A

Particles with different charges strongly interact (can develop inside clouds, between different clouds, and between cloud and ground)

48
Q

The atmospheric mass of Earth is mainly contained in…

A

The thermosphere

Astronomy (4 decks)

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