Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards
What are some teaching points regarding perinatal transmission?
-majority of babies (75%) born to women with untreated HIV are not infected.
-Treatment can reduce the rate of transmission to less than 2%
Immune problems with HIV start when CD4 T cells drop to…
Less than 500 cells/uL
Severe problems with HIV develop when CD4 T cells are….
Less than 200 cells/uL
Due to the insufficient immune response in patients with HIV (with low CD4 T cells), what are these patients susceptible to?
These patients are susceptible to OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS e.g yeast, thrush, etc
During the acute infection stage of HIV, what symptoms can be seen?
- Flulike symptoms (night sweats, fever, chills, skin rash, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes, muscle ache and joint pain, cough, HA, nausea, weight loss, mouth sores
What is our goal for HIV patients regarding CD4 T cells and viral load??
HIGH CD4 T cells
LOW viral load
The severe symptoms in the latency stage of HIV are….
Skin rashes (kaposi sarcoma), persistent fever, chronic diarrhea, severe fatigue etc
If a patient gets tested for HIV and the result is negative, what is the next protocol?
Tell patient to come back for another test.
ART is a treatment for HIV that affects viral load. What is the most important concern with this treatment?
Patient Readiness. Have to be ready and committed psychologically.
How does pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) work?
It can prevent transmission of the virus to a person that is HIV-negative.
In the case of accidental exposure to HIV, what type of medication can be taken to reduce the risk of infection?
Post-exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
-taken within 3 days of exposure from needle stick, condom breaking, etc
What patients are considered at-risk for HIV?
- Received blood transfusion before 1985
- Shared drug-use equipment
- Had a sexual experience with you penis, etc in contact with those areas of another person
- Had sexually transmitted infection
What are the nursing care goals for patients with HIV?
- Adherence to drug regimens
- Adopting a healthy lifestyle
- Protecting others from HIV
- Exploring spiritual issues
- Coping with disease and treatment
- Beneficial relationships
What are the most effective strategies for diseases like HIV?
Primary prevention and health promotion
When can a patient start ART?
ASAP after diagnosis
What are clinical manifestations of hypernatremia??
Twitching, seizures, hallucinations, restlessness, fever, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, hypotension, etc
What are clinical manifestations of low sodium (hyponatremia)?
Headache, confusion, seizures, lethargy, muscle cramps, twitching, N/V, rtc
What are some clinical manifestations of Hyperkalemia?
Peaked T waves, ventricular dysrhythmias, muscle twitch, paresthesia, increased bowel motility, etc
What are some clinical manifestations of hypokalemia?
Flat or intercepted T waves, dysrhythmias, N/V, paresthesia, etc
What physical manifestations signal hypocalcemia?
Chvosteks sign, Trousseau’s sign, etc
What is used to treat elevated magnesium levels??
Calcium gluconate
