Exam 1 Part 1 Flashcards
What does “testament” mean?
covenant
How many books are there in the New Testament?
27
What was the Council of Jamnia?
in A.D. 90, a council of Rabbis met to discuss the scriptures; their purpose was to make sure that new books would not be added to the Old Testament
Who were the Samaritans?
a mixed race of the northern kingdom of Israel and the Southern kingdom of Judah
What was the Samaritan Bible (the Torah) composed of?
the first 5 books of the Old Testament; they denied the inspiration of any other books in the OT
Nebuchadnezzar defeated Assyria at what battle in 605 BC?
Battle of Carchemish
What was the result of Nebuchadnezzar defeating Judah’s king Jehoiachin?
the Southern Kingdom is taken into captivity
What were the three deportation dates?
605, 598, & 587 BC
During the Babylonian Period, people went from _____ to ______ and _____.
- farming
- trade
- commerce
During the Babylonian Period, what place of worship grew popular?
synagogues
During the Babylonian Period, what term for a group of people was created?
jew
Who was the King of Persia that marched on Babylon and the city fell in 539-538 BC?
Cyrus
What did Cyrus allow the jews to do?
Cyrus allowed the Jews to return to Palestine and rebuild their city and temple
What group became exclusive during the Persian period?
the Jews
What were the reasons behind the Samaritan schism?
- commercial rivalry
- interpretation of law differed
- place of worship
What was the language of every-day trade and commerce?
Aramaic
What was the language of religion?
Hebrew
Who was Alexander the Great?
a pupil of Aristotle and became king at age 20
Alexander the Great defeated Darius III & Persians near _____ on Oct. 1, 331 BC
Arbela
The study of the NT begins with _____’s death in _____ BC.
- Alexander the Great
2. 323 BC
Hellas is the Greek word for…
Greece
Alexander the Great let the Samaritans build a temple at _____.
Mt. Gerizim
Alexander the Great allowed a voluntary dispersion of Jews for what reason?
commerce
What was the diadachoi?
Alexander the Great’s five generals
Which 2 diadachoi generals are important for NT study and where did they rule?
- Seleucus ruled Syria
2. Ptolemy ruled Egypt
What was the septuagint (LXX)?
translation of the Bible from Hebrew to Greek
What did Antiochus III the Great do?
he defeated the Ptolemies
What was Antiochus IV Epiphanes also known as and what did he do?
- Manifest God
2. Forced Hellenization; Abomination of Desolation
What was the Abomination of Desolation?
Altar erected to Zeus & sacrificed a pig on the altar
Who were Mattathias’s sons?
- Judas
- Jonathan
- Simon
- John
- Eleazar
Why is Judas Maccabeus (The Hammer) significant?
- Hasidim (“pious or holy ones”) join him
- gained religious freedom
- rededicated the temple on Dec. 14th, AKA Hanukkah AKA Feast of Lights AKA Feast of Dedication
On May 23, 142 BC, the last Syrian garrison, ____, in Jerusalem fell and the Jews gained their political freedom.
Accra
The family of Mattathias became known as the ________ from the nickname given to Judas.
“Maccabees”
The history of Maccabean rule is a story of…
strife and discord caused by a lust for power. The political aims of the Hasmoneans alienated many of the religious jews.
The descendants of the Hasmoneans were _____.
Sadducees
The descendants of the devout Jews known as the Hasidim were ____.
Pharisees
What event ended the Maccabean rule and Palestinian independence?
John Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, great grandsons of Simon, could not get along so they appealed to Rome for help, and the Roman army, under the Roman General Pompey, invaded Palestine and took Jerusalem in 63 BC.
Who was Pompey?
A Roman general who responded to Hyrcanus and Aristobulus appeal to Rome
Who was Antipater?
an Idumean who was made procurator of Judea
Who did Antipater appoint as governor of Judea?
his son, Phasael
Who did Antipater appoint as governor of Galilee?
his son, Herod
Who was appointed King of the Jews by Augustus Caesar?
Herod the Great
Fun facts about Herod:
- killed at least one wife, his mother in law, and 3 sons (ppl he saw as threats)
- ordered the slaughter of many innocents
- his will: divide his kingdom among his sons
When did Herod die?
4 BC
When was Julius Caesar assassinated?
the Ides of March 44 BC
When was Antipater assassinated?
44 BC
How did Mark Antony and Cleopatra die?
they committed suicide
Who had John the Baptist killed?
Herod Antipas
- A grandson of Herod the Great
- murdered James the Apostle
- Imprisoned Peter
Herod Agrippa I
- A great-grandson of Herod the Great and Son of Agrippa I
- heard Paul’s defense
Herod Agrippa II
Who was emperor when Jesus was born?
Augustus Caesar
Who was emperor when Jesus was crucified?
Tiberius Caesar
Who was governor of Judea?
Pontius Pilate
Who did Israel lose her political freedom to in 142 BC?
Simon when Pompey conquered Jerusalem in 63 BC and would not be an independent nation again until the modern state of Israel was formed 1948.
