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Tri 1 - DAA - HR > Exam 1 Osteology - Vertebrae > Flashcards

Exam 1 Osteology - Vertebrae Flashcards

1
Q

vertebral functions

A 
support/weight bearing
attachments for muscles
protection of spinal cord
passage of spinal nerves
motion
shock absorption
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2
Q

vertebral formula

A

C7, T12, L5, S5, Cy 3-6

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3
Q

primary curves

A

present at birth

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4
Q

secondary curves

A

develop after birth

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5
Q

lordotic

A

curves anterior

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6
Q

kyphotic

A

curves posterior

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7
Q

basic structures of vertebrae

A

body, pedicle, lamina, spinous process, transverse process, superior/inferior articular processes, vertebral foramen

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8
Q

neural arch

A

formed by 2 pedicles, 2 lamina

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9
Q

pars interarticularis

A

portion between superior and inferior articular processes

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10
Q

intervertebral foramen

A

formed by superior vertebral notch of one vertebrae and inferior vertebral notch of another

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11
Q

boundaries of IVF

A 
pedicle of superior vertebra
vertebral body of superior vertebra
vertebral body of inferior vertebra (cervical incl. uncinate process)
pedicle of inferior vertebra
Z-joint
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12
Q

facet joint

A

aka zygapophyseal joint (z-joint), synovial joint

formed by superior and inferior articular facets

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13
Q

intervertebral joint

A

symphysis, amphiarthrotic

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14
Q

intervertebral discs

A

23 total, C2-C3 down to L5-S1

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15
Q

IVD functions

A

shock absorption
attach vertebral bodies together
form secondary curves
anterior wall of the IVF

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16
Q

IVD components

A

nucleus pulposus

annulus fibrosus

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17
Q

characteristics of cervical vertebra

A
  1. support/movement of head, most complicated articular system (37 joints)
  2. most movement than other spinal regions
  3. smallest of the 24 moveable vertebrae
  4. curved anterior to aid in shock absorption
  5. vertebral foramen is large/triangular shaped
  6. all have transverse foramen
  7. superior surface of body is concave, inferior is convex
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18
Q

atypical cervical vertebrae

A

C1, C2, C7

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19
Q

typical cervical vertebrae

A

C3-C6

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20
Q

Why is C1 atypical?

A

no spinous process

no vertebral body

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21
Q

Why is C2 atypical?

A

has dens

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22
Q

Why is C7 atypical?

A

vertebral prominens
no costotransverse bar
vertebral artery does not pass through transverse foramen (accessory vertebral vein does)

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23
Q

Difference between inferior and superior articular facts on the atlas?

A

superior is more elongated

inferior is more rounded

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24
Q

Can palpate bifid spinous process of C2

A

2 inches below EOP

25
Q

What is another term for the axis?

A

epistropheus

26
Q

What properties do the typical cervical vertebrae have in common?

A
  1. bifid spinous process
  2. costotransverse bar
  3. transverse foramen
  4. inferior/superior tubercle of transverse process
  5. uncinate process
27
Q

Function of vertebral prominens

A

provide balance, enable movement, prevent excessive movement

28
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

aka dorsal
spinous process are long, slender, directed inferiorly
facets parallel to coronal plane

29
Q

costal facets

A

articulation point for ribs

30
Q

demifacets

A

articulation point for ribs, only partially

31
Q

Why is T1 atypical?

A

whole superior costal facet

inferior demifacet

32
Q

Why is T9 atypical?

A

single superior demifacet

33
Q

Why is T10 atypical?

A

one pair whole facets

34
Q

Why is T11 atypical?

A

one pair whole facets
no transverse costal facet
short spinous process

35
Q

Why is T12 atypical?

A

one pair whole facets

inferior articular facets face anterior and laterally

36
Q

articular surfaces on typical thoracic

A 
12 surfaces:
superior/inferior body
2 superior articular facets
2 inferior articular facets
3 demifacets on each side of the body
37
Q

lumbar vertebrae characteristics

A 
mammillary process
accessory process
pars interarticularis
spinous process
sagittal angle of superior/inferior articular facets
38
Q

mammillary process

A

on superior articular facets

39
Q

accessory process

A

on inferior base of transverse process

40
Q

Why is L5 atypical

A

body is wedge-shaped

41
Q

transverse lines of sacrum

A

fusion of sacral bones, 18-25y

42
Q

median sacral crest

A

fusion of spinous processes of sacral bones

43
Q

normal lumbosacral angle

A

130-160 degrees

44
Q

manubriosternal joint

A

aka sternal angle, angle of Louis

45
Q

rib R or L?

A

head back groove down

46
Q

vertebrosternal

A

true ribs #1-7

47
Q

vertebrochondral

A

false ribs #8-10

48
Q

floating ribs

A

11-12, no tubercles

49
Q

articulars on C1

A

5

50
Q

articulars on C2

A

9

51
Q

articulars on C3-6

A

10

52
Q

articulars on C7

A

10

53
Q

articulars on T1

A

10

54
Q

articulars on T11-12

A

8

55
Q

articulars on L1-5

A

6

56
Q

vertebrae development

A

origin - sclerotome

endochondral ossification

57
Q

sternum development

A

endochondral ossification

58
Q

rib development

A

origin: sclerotome

endochondral ossification

59
Q

articulars on typical thoracic

A

12

Tri 1 - DAA - HR (9 decks)

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