Exam 1 - ORTHO/NORA

Question 1

What 4 medications increase risk of stress fractures?

Answer 1

Fosamax, actonel, Boniva, reclast

Question 2

Osteoporosis can be attributed to an increase in _______ and a decrease in _______, __________, and ___________.

Answer 2

Increase in parathyroid hormone

Decrease in vitamin D, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factors.

Question 3

What are 2 main risk factors for osteoporosis?

Answer 3

Age and post menopause

Question 4

What is swelling/spurring of DISTAL interphalangeal joints called?

Answer 4

Herberden nodes

Question 5

What is swelling/spurring of PROXIMAL interphalangeal joints called?

Answer 5

Bouchard nodes

Question 6

What 3 medications are common for patients with osteoarthritis at home for pain?

Answer 6

NSAIDs, Celebrex, opioids

Question 7

What common NSAID is used to treat pain in osteoarthritis?

Answer 7

Meloxicam 7.5-15 mg

Question 8

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 8

Chronic and systemic inflammation of joint synovial tissue and connective tissue causing progressive bone erosion, cartilage destruction, and impaired joint integrity

Question 9

What type of nodules result from rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 9

Subcutaneous (rheumatoid) nodules

These surround joints, extensor surfaces and bony prominences. They are very non-specific in location.

Question 10

What are the systemic (non joint) related symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 10

Anorexia, fatigue, weakness

Question 11

What lab values are elevated in rheumatoid arthritis that may be an indication for RA?

Answer 11

Rheumatoid factor,
anti-immunoglobulin antibody,
C-reactive protein,
erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

Question 12

How does RA affect the airway?

Answer 12

• Limited TMJ movement
• Narrowed glottic opening (d/t swelling)
• Cricoarytenoid arthritis

Question 13

How is the cervical spine affected by RA?

Answer 13

Causes atlantoaxial instability

(Neck flexion displaces odontoid process leading to impingement on c-spine and medulla)