EXAM 1 - Normal Swallowing

Question 1

what is containment?

Answer 1

holding a bolus in your mouth

Question 2

containment of bolus

Answer 2

tip tongue elevates; lateral edges of tongue against teeth; posterior tongue against soft palate

Question 3

which phase is containment?

Answer 3

oral prep stage

Question 4

what does laryngeal elevation affect?

Answer 4

opening & time UES/PES opening

Question 5

reduced laryngeal elevation results in:

Answer 5

reduced opening & reduced time UES/PES is open

Question 6

how does the epiglottis move?

Answer 6

arytenoids tilt forward to meet the base of the epiglottis - fully inverts over the arytenoids and laryngeal vestibule
*pharyngeal stripping wave moves epiglottis to vertical position

Question 7

what facilitates the movement of the epiglottis to the horizontal position?

Answer 7

tongue base retraction and laryngeal elevation facilitate movement of the epiglottis to the horizontal position

Question 8

what facilitates the movement of the epiglottis to the vertical position?

Answer 8

laryngeal elevation and pharyngeal contraction facilitate movement of the epiglottis to the fully inverted position

Question 9

what closes the laryngeal vestibule?

Answer 9

arytenoids tilts forward to meet the base of the epiglottis
epiglottis fully inverts over the arytenoids and the laryngeal vestibule
vocal fold approximation/closure
false vocal fold approx/clos
aryepiglottic fold approx/clos/bunching
*the LV squeezes from the bottom to the top

Question 10

which muscles are we assessing when examining the pharyngeal stripping wave? are they only posterior?

Answer 10

superior, middle, and inferior constrictor muscles
*wavelike motion of the posterior pharyngeal wall

Question 11

what is pharyngeal contraction?

Answer 11

shortens & widens pharynx
raises larynx
*displaces epiglottis to the horizontal position

Question 12

PES opening?

Answer 12

pharyngoesophageal segment
pulled open due to hyolaryngeal excursion - the cricoid is pulled away from the pharyngeal wall/pharynx

Question 13

10 things that protect the airway

Answer 13

1. cessation of active respiration
2. deflection of the bolus by BOT over the rising larynx
3. BTR shields the laryngeal inlet
4. bolus is divided into 2 smaller parts
5. piriform sinuses - channel the divided bolus around the laryngeal vestibule
6. arytenoid cartilages move anteriorly to meet the base of the epiglottis and partially cover the opening of the laryngeal vestibule
7. epiglottis inverts to cover the opening to the LV
8. true VFs, false VFs, and the aryepiglottic folds approximate/adduct
9. movement of the larynx superiorly and anteriorly positions the larynx in a way to protect the airway as the bolus passes
10. pharyngeal muscles contract and shorten the pharynx - creating a shorter distance for the bolus to travel