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OB > exam 1 (module 1-2-3) > Flashcards

exam 1 (module 1-2-3) Flashcards

1
Q

what is released from the anterior pituitary

A

FSH and LH
follicle stimulating hormone
luteinizing hormone

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2
Q

what do the ovaries secrete

A

estrogen and progesteron

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3
Q

what does the hypothalamus secrete

A

GnRH (gonad releasing hormone)

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4
Q

what is pGE and PGF responsible for

A

prostaglandin hormone
PGE – vasodilatory, smooth muscle relaxant
PGF: – vasoconstrictive, smooth muscle contractor

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5
Q

follicular phase

A

growth of follicle from primary to mature
LH surges to release the egg,
there is estrogen dominance
variable in time

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6
Q

Luteal phase

A

conversion of the empty follicle into the corpus luteum
-progesterone dominance
- constant in time (14 days)

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7
Q

where would ovulation occur for
21 day cycle?
24 day cycle?
35
42

A

subtract 14 –
21 -14 = 7
28 -14 = 14
35 -14 = 21
42 - 14 = 28

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8
Q

when does conception occur in a 28 cycle?

A

in a 28 cycle conception occurs 2 weeks after 1st day of LMP

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9
Q

what does gestational age include?

A

it includes the LMP and the following week, so we are adding 2 weeks to have a 40 week pregnant cycle

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10
Q

first trimester

A

organogenesis/cellular hyperplasia

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11
Q

second trimester

A

cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy

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12
Q

third trimester

A

cellular hypertrophy

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13
Q

what is the first 2 weeks after conception considered?

A

an all-or-none period
-exposure is either so great that the embryo dies, OR only a few cells are damaged and the embryo recovers and develops normally

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14
Q

what happens during weeks 3-8?

A

mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm differentiate to form all organ systems
-the embryo is most likely to be damaged during this time

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15
Q

Fetal Development Milestones:
When does the heartbeat begin?

A

28 days after conception (6 weeks gestational age)

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16
Q

Fetal Development Milestones: When does male differentiation begin?

A

begins at 4-6 weeks, tho not typically detectable US until 16-20 weeks

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17
Q

Fetal Development Milestones: When are all organ structures formed?

A

all organ structures are formed by 8 weeks after conception (or 10 weeks gestational age)

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18
Q

Fetal Development Milestones: When does fetal breathing movements and fetal hearing develop?

A

fetal breathing movements and fetal hearing develops by about 16 weeks

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19
Q

when is the youngest preterm survivor?

A

21 4/7 weeks

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20
Q

how does the umbilical cord arteries and vein work

A

umbilical vein is brining nutrition to the fetus//
arteries are taking waste away from the fetus

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21
Q

What is the function of amniotic fluid?

A

-cushions from injury
-provides fetus with a stable thermal environment
-fluid enables the fetus to grow
-fluid enables the fetus to practice swallowing and breathing

22
Q

what does amniotic fluid contain?

A

urea, uric acid, bililrubin, fructose, fat, leukocytes, proteins, epithelial cells, enzymes and lanugo

23
Q

what does the Placenta excrete? (endocrine)

A

human placental lactogen (hPL)
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
progesterone
estrogen

24
Q

what does the placenta do metabolic wise?

A

facilitates hydrostatic & osmotic pressure gradients for active and facilitated transport of nutrients and waste

25
Q

T/F: the ductus arteriosus lies between the aorta and the pulmonary artery

A

T – this allows us to bypass the liver

26
Q

T/F: The ductus venosus is the structure that allows the blood to bypass the liver

A

T

27
Q

T/F” The foramen ovale is a hole between the ventricles

A

False

28
Q

T/F: the umbilical vein contains oxygen poor blood

A

false (in fetal circulation it is flipped)

29
Q

What are the goals of fetal circulation

A

-maintain flow to the placenta
-shunt blood away from lungs and liver

30
Q

what are the three special ducts in fetal circulation

A

1) ductus venosus (liver bypass umbilical vein to IVC
2. Foramen ovale (right ventricle bypass) hole b/t right and left atria
3) ductus arteriosis (pulmonary artery/lung bypass) duct b/t pulmonary artery and descending aorta

31
Q

Which of the following hormone elevations will indicate a high probability that the client in pregnant?

A

HCG – human chorionic gonadotropin

32
Q

what does prolactin do?

A

milk production

33
Q

what does luteinizing hormone do?

A

get the mature eggo out

34
Q

positive signs of pregnancy

A

-fetal heartbeat per Doppler or fetoscope
-fetal movement (palpated or visualized *per trained profes)
-visualization of fetus on ultrasound
-delivery

35
Q

is it normal to see a mild elevation of WBC in pregnant women?

A

yes

36
Q

are preggy people at higher risk for gallstones?

A

yes because there is decreased gallbaldder muscle tone that leads to delayed emptying (progesterone)

37
Q

glomerular filtration rate changes during pregnancy

A

increased rate, but it is sloppy so glucose and traces of protein may be spilled

38
Q

what is pre-conception care goals?

A

folic acid 800 mcg daily
begin tracking menses
D/C caffeine tobacco, ETO, illegal drugs, some Rx meds
review family genetic history
normal BMI nutrition

39
Q

what is the definition of pre-term

A

before 34 weeks
however–>
late pre-term (34-36)

40
Q

what would 37 be

A

term m

41
Q

what is late term

A

after 41 weeks and before 42 weeks

42
Q

what labs to do at 28 week >

A

CBC, glucose tolerance test, ABS (if Rh negative), Syphilis (high risk)

43
Q

36-37 week labs

A

GBS testing, repeat GC/CT (<25)

44
Q

initial labs

A

CBC, blood type, Rh, ABS, syphilis, rubella status, hep B and C, HIV, urine culture, gonorrhea and chlamydia, pap smear, TB testing (in high risk pts), varicella, TORCH

45
Q

why is Rhogam given during pregnancy?

A

to prevent the formation of maternal antibodies that might attack the fetus of an RH neg mom with an RH pos fetus

46
Q

at how many weeks can we auscultate with the doppler the fetal heart tones?

A

10-12 weeks

47
Q

when should the fetal heart beat be seen on US?

A

after 6 weeks

48
Q

when should fetal movement be felt?

A

18-22 weeks

49
Q

fundal height measurement after 20 weeks

A

use measuring tape

50
Q

what are some triggers for the labor process

A

-uterine distention
-placental aging
-hormonal mediation (progesterone withdrawal, prostaglandin synthesis, corticotropin releasing hormone)

51
Q

signs of impending labor

A

“lightening: the fetus drops into the pelvis, making it easier to breathe, and harder to walk, increase in braxton hicks contractions
-cervical mucous/bloody show
-weight loss due to increase in loose stools r/t prostaglandins
-burst of energy
-nesting
-change in sleep cycles

52
Q

how is fetal circulation different from newborn circulation?

A

the goal is to shunt blood away from the lungs and liver and maintain the flow to the placenta
3 special ducts:
ductus venosus (liver bypass)
foramen ovale (right ventricle bypass)
ductus arteriosis (pulmonary artery/lung bypass)

OB (3 decks)

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