Exam 1 Mod 1-6 Flashcards
Nurses use _______ and _______ for care prioritization.
Maslow’s Hierarchy and ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Prioritize maintaining skin integrity and preventing ________.
pressure ulcers
Root cause analysis and _____ prevent future errors in healthcare settings.
incident reporting
Assess patient’s hygiene needs, physical limitations, and _______ or _______.
cultural or personal preferences
Uphold _____, _____, _____, and _____ in patient care.
autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, and justice
Nurses apply _______, infection control measures, and medication safety checks to ensure patient safety.
fall prevention strategies
Choose appropriate interventions like _____, _____, and _____.
bathing, oral care, and perineal care
Maintain patient _____, _____, and _____ during hygiene care.
dignity, privacy, and comfort
The nursing process includes the steps of _____, _____, _____, _____, and _____ for problem-solving.
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE)
Clinical decision-making in nursing should utilize _____-_____ _____ to improve patient outcomes.
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP)
Prolonged immobility in older adults can lead to complications such as _____, _____, and _____.
venous thromboembolism (VTE), pneumonia, and constipation
Pharmacologic interventions for managing chronic pain in older adults include administering analgesics like _____ and _____ based on assessment.
NSAIDs and opioids
Non-pharmacologic methods for managing chronic pain in older adults may involve _____, _____, and _____.
heat therapy, massage, and relaxation techniques
Implement fall prevention strategies using _____, ______, and ______.
bed alarms, non-slip footwear, and assistive devices
Older adults may show atypical symptoms such as _____ during infections.
confusion
Older adults face increased risks of _____, _____, and _____.
falls, fractures, and pressure ulcers
Educating patients on the correct usage of assistive devices is important to _____ and _____.
prevent injury and promote independence
Nurses must manage multiple chronic illnesses and reduce the risks associated with _____ in older adults.
polypharmacy
Regular repositioning is necessary to prevent _____ and enhance _____.
pressure ulcers; circulation
Common assistive devices for patients with impaired mobility include _____, _____, _____, and _____.
{{c1::canes, walkers, wheelchairs, and gait belts}}
Regular pain assessment using appropriate pain scales, such as the _____, is essential in caring for older adults with chronic pain.
Numeric Rating Scale
Care planning for older adults should address geriatric syndromes like _____, _____, and _____.
fall risks, delirium, and incontinence
Encourage active and passive _____ for patients with immobility in the acute care setting.
range-of-motion exercises
Hydration is encouraged to _____ in patients with respiratory issues.
thin secretions and promote effective airway clearance
_____ is crucial for education and support in long-term oxygen therapy.
Family involvement
Nurses regularly assess older adults with chronic respiratory conditions for signs of _____ or _____.
respiratory distress or exacerbation
Medication dosages may need adjustment in older adults to avoid _____.
toxicity
Nursing interventions for patients with respiratory issues in the acute care setting include administering oxygen at prescribed levels using devices like _____ and _____.
nasal cannulas and masks
Aging leads to decreased lung elasticity, increasing the risk of _____.
pneumonia
Airway clearance techniques for respiratory issues include _____, _____, and _____.
{{c1::incentive spirometry, chest physiotherapy, and suctioning}}
Nurses manage medications for older adults with chronic respiratory conditions by administering _____ and _____ as prescribed.
bronchodilators and steroids
Nurses educate patients with chronic respiratory conditions on _____ and _____.
{{c1::energy conservation and breathing techniques}}
Older adults are more prone to _____, necessitating close monitoring.
hypoxia
The care plan for older adult patients with impaired oxygenation includes assessing _____, vital signs, and signs of hypoxia.
respiratory function
Interventions for impaired oxygenation involve administering oxygen, encouraging _____, and positioning patients upright.
deep breathing exercises
Administering SQ medications should be done at a _____ or _____ angle, depending on patient body type.
45° or 90°
Confirm IV line _____ before administration.
patency
Accurately calculate dosages based on patient weight, age, or body surface area then _____.
Double-check critical medication calculations with another nurse.
Confirm the patient’s ability to _____ and assess for risk of _____ before administering PO medications.
swallow; aspiration
Provide _____ for complex medication regimens.
clear, written information
Use the _____ to assess patient understanding of medication instructions.
{c1::teach-back method}}
Rotate injection sites to avoid _____.
lipodystrophy
Verify NG or PEG tube placement before administering medications to ensure safe administration. T/F
T
Double-check orders for high-risk medications such as _____ and insulin.
anticoagulants
To prevent clogging, flush the tube _____ and _____ medication administration.
before and after
Calculate and adjust _____ appropriately.
IV drip rates
Ensure medication orders include patient name, medication, dosage, route, frequency, and _____.
signature
Administer IV medications _____ to prevent reactions.
{{c1::slowly}}
Avoid crushing _____ or _____ pills.
extended-release or enteric-coated
Monitor for signs of _____ or _____.
infiltration or phlebitis
For SQ injections, use _____, typically _____.
25–27 gauge needles; ⅜–⅝ inch
Double-check orders for high-risk medications such as anticoagulants and _____.
insulin
Common causes of impaired urinary elimination include neurological disorders such as _____ and spinal cord injuries.
multiple sclerosis
Medications like _____ and anticholinergics can cause impaired urinary elimination.
diuretics
In men, _____ is a common cause of impaired urinary elimination.
prostate enlargement
Medications affecting bladder function, including _____ and antihistamines, are risk factors for impaired urinary elimination.
sedatives
Urinary retention in Impaired Urinary Elimination is marked by _____, _____, or _____.
difficulty starting urination, a weak stream, or feeling of incomplete bladder emptying
Impaired Urinary Elimination can include urinary incontinence characterized by _____.
involuntary leakage of urine
For patients with impaired urinary elimination, providing education on _____ can help manage incontinence.
pelvic floor exercises
Nursing care for impaired urinary elimination involves assessing urinary patterns and symptoms, promoting fluid intake, and _____.
monitoring output
UTIs in the context of Impaired Urinary Elimination present with _____, _____, _____, and _____.
frequency, urgency, dysuria, and hematuria
Risk factors for impaired urinary elimination in older populations include age-related changes like decreased _____ and weakened pelvic muscles.
bladder capacity
Cognitive impairments such as _____ are risk factors for impaired urinary elimination in vulnerable populations.
dementia
Obstructions such as _____ and tumors can lead to impaired urinary elimination.
kidney stones
Chronic diseases like _____ and stroke are risk factors for impaired urinary elimination in older adults.
diabetes
To manage alkalosis, administer appropriate fluids and electrolytes, such as _____ or _____.
potassium or chloride
Work with respiratory therapists for ventilatory support in managing _____.
acid-base imbalances
Collaborate with healthcare teams to optimize _____ and _____ for acid-base imbalances.
medication management and treatment plans
Infants and children are at higher risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances due to their higher _____.
metabolic rates
Key electrolytes like bicarbonate, chloride, and sodium play critical roles in maintaining _____.
acid-base balance
Infants and children have an increased metabolic rate leading to rapid changes in _____.
acid-base balance
_____ acts as a buffer to neutralize excess acids.
Bicarbonate
Patients with mental health issues may neglect fluid intake, increasing the risk of _____ and _____.
fluid and electrolyte imbalances
Chronic illnesses such as _____ and _____ increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
heart failure and renal disease
Assessment of acid-base imbalances includes monitoring vital signs, particularly _____ and _____.
respiratory rate and pattern
Comorbidities such as chronic lung disease and ______ are age-related risk factors for acid-base imbalances.
diabetes
Alkalosis signs include hyperventilation, muscle twitching, and _____.
tachycardia
Symptoms of alkalosis include lightheadedness, nausea, and tingling in _____.
extremities
Metabolic acidosis shows _____, _____, _____, and _____.
rapid breathing, confusion, fatigue, and nausea
Environmental factors like _____, excessive exercise, or illness can increase the risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
hot weather
Acidosis signs include respiratory distress, drowsiness, confusion, and decreased _____.
blood pressure
The body’s response to acid-base imbalances often involves adjustments in renal function for _____ and _____.
bicarbonate and electrolyte excretion
Dehydration may lead to ______.
metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis presents with _____, _____, _____, and _____, _____.
confusion, headache, lethargy, and rapid, shallow breathing
Medications like _____ affecting bicarbonate levels are age-related risk factors for acid-base imbalances.
diuretics
Fluid excess imbalances include hypervolemia (high blood volume) and _____.
hyponatremia (low sodium)
Ensure fall precautions for patients experiencing _____ or _____ due to acid-base imbalances.
weakness or confusion
Teach patients about the importance of adhering to _____ to manage acid-base imbalances effectively.
treatment plans
Understanding the relationship between acid-base and fluid-electrolyte imbalances is essential for effective patient assessment and intervention in conditions like kidney disease, heart failure, or _____.
severe dehydration
Fluid deficit imbalances include hypovolemia (low blood volume) and _____.
hypernatremia (high sodium)
Understanding the relationship between acid-base and fluid-electrolyte imbalances is essential for effective patient assessment and intervention in conditions like kidney disease, _____, or severe dehydration.
heart failure
The body’s response to acid-base imbalances often involves adjustments in respiratory rate for _____.
CO2 regulation
Metabolic alkalosis involves _____, _____, and _____.
muscle twitching, irritability, decreased respiratory rate, and weakness
Improving _____ is a method to treat the underlying cause of acidosis.
ventilation
Critical thinking barrier: Bias
Bias occurs when the thinker focuses on evidence that confirms a preconceived thought and ignores the facts that counter that preconceived thought
Critical thinking barrier: Erroneous Assumption
Assuming the presented information is correct without validating or confirming is an example of erroneous assumption.
Critical thinking barrier: Illogical Thinking
Illogical thinking occurs when a nurse jumps to conclusions or is not clearly thinking through the presented information.
