Exam 1 Mental Health/Mental Illness Flashcards
Cultural Idioms of Distress
ways of expressing distress that may not involve specific symptoms or syndromes, but provide collective, shared ways of experiencing and talking about personal or social concerns e.g. everyday talk about nerves/depression may refer to suffering
Cultural explanations
or perceived causes are labels, attributions, or features of an explanatory model that indicate culturally recognized meaning or etiology symptoms, illnesses, or distress. e.g. the client functions this way due to their culture (religious background)
Cultural syndromes
are clusters of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups, communities, or contexts and that are recognized locally as coherent patterns of experience (e.g. symptoms that occur based on individuals that run in the same circles)
Culture
refers to systems of knowledge, concepts, values, norms, and practices that are learned and transmitted across generations. (e.g. language, religion, spirituality, life-cycle stages)
Race
is a social, (not biological) construct that divides humanity into groups based on a variety of superficial physical traits such as skin color that have been falsely viewed as indicating attributes and capacities assumed to be inherent to the group
Ethnicity
is a culturally constructed group identity used to define people and communities
Cultural Formation Interview
is a set of protocols that clinicians may use to obtain information during mental health assessment about the impact of culture on key aspects of an individual’s clinical presentation and care
What does the CFI include?
- a set of 16 questions used to obtain an initial assessment from any individual
- an informant version of the CFI for collateral information
- a set of supplementary modules to expand evaluation as needed
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (onset/manifestation/co-occurence)
a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period
Manifest early in development before a child enters grade school
Frequently co-occur with other disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders (definition)
characterized by developmental deficits or differences in brain processes that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning
presence of both symptoms & impaired function for diagnosis
Intellectual Developmental Disorder (definition)
characterized by deficits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, problems solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.
results in impairments of adaptive functions (failing to meet 1 or more of daily life standards e.g. communication, social participation, personal independence at home or in community settings, etc.
Global Developmental Delay
when an individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning
Global Developmental Disorder (onset)
reserved for individuals UNDER the age of 5 years who are unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning therefore, clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed
Language Disorder/ Speech Sound Disorder
characterized by deficits in development and use of language, speech, and social communication
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder
characterized by deficits in both verbal and non-verbal communication that result in social impairment and are not better explained by low abilities in structural language, IDD, or ASD
begin early in life
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social repriocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, & understanding relationships
*requires presence of restricted, repetitive behavior, interests, or activities
Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
neurodevelopment disorder defined by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
Inattention/Disorganization: inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, losing materials, levels inconsistent with age or develop. level
Hyperactivity-impulsivity: overactivity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, inability to wait
Specific Learning Disorder
characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math skills
*For diagnosis deficits in an individuals ability to perceive or process information for learning academic skills efficiently and accurately
Language Disorder (diagnosis/persistence)
- Diagnosable in children ages 4 and older
- Typically persistent in adulthood
Speech Sound Disorder (diagnosis/onset)
- Diagnosed when speech sound is not what would be expected based on child’s age and developmental stage. And not a result of physical, structural, neurological, or hearing impairment
- Among typically developing children at the age of 3
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)
A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individuals age
*characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables and by other types of speech dysfluencies
Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder stuttering (onset)
Age at onset ranges from 2-7 years of age
Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (onset/
- Typically diagnosable by the age of 4 or 5
rare amount children younger than 4
ASD (diagnosis/onset)
For one to be diagnosed with ASD they must have all of the following:
- Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
- Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
Onset: typically present after the age of 2
*Manifestations depend on severity of autistic condition
Specific Learning Disorder (onset/diagnosis/recognition)
Onset, recognition, and diagnosis occurs during elementary schools years when children are required to write, read, learn, and spell
Gender Dysphoria
term that refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced and expressed gender and one’s assigned gender
Gender Dysphoria in Children (duration/manifestation)
- At least 6 months’ duration
- Manifested by at least 6 of criterion A1
*child may show signs of distress only when parents tell the child that he or she is not “really” a member of another gender but only that the child “desires” to be *
Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents/Adults (duration/manifestation)
- At least 6 months’ duration
- Manifested by at least two of criterion A1
*Incongruence between experienced gender and assigned gender
*Distress must be present
