Exam 1 Mental Health/Mental Illness Flashcards

1
Q

Cultural Idioms of Distress

A

ways of expressing distress that may not involve specific symptoms or syndromes, but provide collective, shared ways of experiencing and talking about personal or social concerns e.g. everyday talk about nerves/depression may refer to suffering

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2
Q

Cultural explanations

A

or perceived causes are labels, attributions, or features of an explanatory model that indicate culturally recognized meaning or etiology symptoms, illnesses, or distress. e.g. the client functions this way due to their culture (religious background)

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3
Q

Cultural syndromes

A

are clusters of symptoms and attributions that tend to co-occur among individuals in specific cultural groups, communities, or contexts and that are recognized locally as coherent patterns of experience (e.g. symptoms that occur based on individuals that run in the same circles)

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4
Q

Culture

A

refers to systems of knowledge, concepts, values, norms, and practices that are learned and transmitted across generations. (e.g. language, religion, spirituality, life-cycle stages)

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5
Q

Race

A

is a social, (not biological) construct that divides humanity into groups based on a variety of superficial physical traits such as skin color that have been falsely viewed as indicating attributes and capacities assumed to be inherent to the group

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6
Q

Ethnicity

A

is a culturally constructed group identity used to define people and communities

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7
Q

Cultural Formation Interview

A

is a set of protocols that clinicians may use to obtain information during mental health assessment about the impact of culture on key aspects of an individual’s clinical presentation and care

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8
Q

What does the CFI include?

A
  1. a set of 16 questions used to obtain an initial assessment from any individual
  2. an informant version of the CFI for collateral information
  3. a set of supplementary modules to expand evaluation as needed
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9
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (onset/manifestation/co-occurence)

A

a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period

Manifest early in development before a child enters grade school

Frequently co-occur with other disorders

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10
Q

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (definition)

A

characterized by developmental deficits or differences in brain processes that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

presence of both symptoms & impaired function for diagnosis

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11
Q

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (definition)

A

characterized by deficits in general mental abilities such as reasoning, problems solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience.

results in impairments of adaptive functions (failing to meet 1 or more of daily life standards e.g. communication, social participation, personal independence at home or in community settings, etc.

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12
Q

Global Developmental Delay

A

when an individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning

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13
Q

Global Developmental Disorder (onset)

A

reserved for individuals UNDER the age of 5 years who are unable to undergo systematic assessments of intellectual functioning therefore, clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed

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14
Q

Language Disorder/ Speech Sound Disorder

A

characterized by deficits in development and use of language, speech, and social communication

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15
Q

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder

A

characterized by deficits in both verbal and non-verbal communication that result in social impairment and are not better explained by low abilities in structural language, IDD, or ASD

begin early in life

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16
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A

persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts, including deficits in social repriocity, nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction, and skills in developing, maintaining, & understanding relationships

*requires presence of restricted, repetitive behavior, interests, or activities

17
Q

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A

neurodevelopment disorder defined by impairing levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity

Inattention/Disorganization: inability to stay on task, seeming not to listen, losing materials, levels inconsistent with age or develop. level

Hyperactivity-impulsivity: overactivity, fidgeting, inability to stay seated, inability to wait

18
Q

Specific Learning Disorder

A

characterized by persistent and impairing difficulties with learning foundational academic skills in reading, writing, and/or math skills

*For diagnosis deficits in an individuals ability to perceive or process information for learning academic skills efficiently and accurately

19
Q

Language Disorder (diagnosis/persistence)

A
  1. Diagnosable in children ages 4 and older
  2. Typically persistent in adulthood
20
Q

Speech Sound Disorder (diagnosis/onset)

A
  1. Diagnosed when speech sound is not what would be expected based on child’s age and developmental stage. And not a result of physical, structural, neurological, or hearing impairment
  2. Among typically developing children at the age of 3
21
Q

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder (stuttering)

A

A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individuals age

*characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables and by other types of speech dysfluencies

22
Q

Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder stuttering (onset)

A

Age at onset ranges from 2-7 years of age

23
Q

Social (Pragmatic) Communication Disorder (onset/

A
  1. Typically diagnosable by the age of 4 or 5

rare amount children younger than 4

24
Q

ASD (diagnosis/onset)

A

For one to be diagnosed with ASD they must have all of the following:

  1. Deficits in social-emotional reciprocity
  2. Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
  3. Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships

Onset: typically present after the age of 2

*Manifestations depend on severity of autistic condition

25
Q

Specific Learning Disorder (onset/diagnosis/recognition)

A

Onset, recognition, and diagnosis occurs during elementary schools years when children are required to write, read, learn, and spell

26
Q

Gender Dysphoria

A

term that refers to the distress that may accompany the incongruence between one’s experienced and expressed gender and one’s assigned gender

27
Q

Gender Dysphoria in Children (duration/manifestation)

A
  1. At least 6 months’ duration
  2. Manifested by at least 6 of criterion A1

*child may show signs of distress only when parents tell the child that he or she is not “really” a member of another gender but only that the child “desires” to be *

28
Q

Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents/Adults (duration/manifestation)

A
  1. At least 6 months’ duration
  2. Manifested by at least two of criterion A1

*Incongruence between experienced gender and assigned gender
*Distress must be present