Exam 1: Matter, Minerals, and Rock Cycle Flashcards
parts of an atom
proton, electron, neutron
parts of an isotope
protons=mass, neutrons
parts of an ion
atom that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons
be able to determine charge of an ion
if it loses an electron: cation (+)
if it gains an electron: anion (-)
cation
positively charged when an ion loses an electron
anion
negatively charged when an ion gains an electron
5 major elements in Earth’s crust
- Oxygen
- Silicon
- Aluminum
- Iron
- Carbon
Oxygen and silicon account for 74.3%
5 major elements in Earth as a whole
- Iron
- Oxygen
- Silicon
- Magnesium
- Nickel
How do physical properties of minerals relate to a mineral’s microscopic properties?
Physical properties of minerals (texture, composition, grain size, etc.) are determined by their chemistry, which is their microscopic properties
Minerals we used in class/ their properties
CHECK CLASS THINGS!
Different groups of minerals identified in class
CLASS THINGS!
basic steps in extracting metal minerals from rocks
CLASS THINGS!
Why are minerals ‘‘cheaper” today than they were 100 years ago?
CHECK BOOK!
Classify major rock types
Igneous: rock formed by crystallization of magma
Sedimentary: rock formed by weathered material from preexisting rock cementing together
Metamorphic: grains flatten by extreme pressure and form by crystallization of preexisting rock
Characteristics of major rock types
Igneous: more than 1 mineral in them, random interlocking crystals that vary in size
Sedimentary: weathered content of old rocks; clastic (formed on land), varying grain size, OR chemical (formed underwater), small grain, usually 1 mineral
Metamorphic: pre-existing rock that was melted/put under pressure ; foliated (parallel minerals) OR nonfoliated (coarse, unique minerals)
