Exam 1 Materials

Question 1

Causative Agents

Answer 1

Some diseases are closely linked with etiologic factors, such that they are said to be the causative agents.

Question 2

Clinical Course

Answer 2

The aspect of time in a clinical course, as some manifestations are only evident early in a course, whereas others unfold in late stages of a disease/disorder

Question 3

Convalescence

Answer 3

Convalescence is the stage of recovery after a disease, injury, or surgical operation.

Question 4

exacerbation

Answer 4

is a relatively sudden increase in the severity of a disease or any of its signs and symptoms

Question 5

Latent period

Answer 5

The interval between exposure of a tissue to an injurious agent and the irst appearance of signs and symptoms

Question 6

Pathogenesis

Answer 6

• Refers to the development or evolution of a disease, from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the manifestation of the disease.
• The proposed mechanisms whereby a causative stimulus leads to typically observed clinical manifestations. this includes a description of the direct effects of the initiating event, as well as the usual physiologic responses and compensatory mechanisms

Question 7

Pathology

Answer 7

study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells and bodily fluids.

Question 8

Pathophysiology

Answer 8

Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical and biochemical functions of living organisms. Together, pathophysiology refers to the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living things

Question 9

Prodrome

Answer 9

refers to the appearance of the irst signs and symptoms indicating the onset of a disease. Prodromal symptoms often are nonspeciic, such as headache, malaise, anorexia, and nausea.

Question 10

remission

Answer 10

is an abatement or decline in severity of the signs and symptoms of a disease.

Question 11

Risk Factors

Answer 11

Risk Factor is when the link between an etiologic factor and development of a disease is less than certain, but the probability is increased when the factor is present.

Question 12

sequela

Answer 12

Occasionally a disease produces a subsequent pathologic condition.

For example, the sequela of an inlammatory process might be scarring.

Question 13

Signs

Answer 13

Manifestations of disease that are observed

Question 14

Silent period

Answer 14

Sometimes during the course of a disease, the signs and symptoms may become mild or even disappear for a time

Question 15

Subclinical stage

Answer 15

during which the patient functions normally, although the disease processes are well established.

Question 16

Symptoms

Answer 16

The subjective feelings of an abnormality in the body

Question 17

Treatment implications

Answer 17

• the (sometimes) logical connection between causative disease trigger, disease process, and theoretical implications for prevention/ treatment.

Example: understanding that a person with septic shock has excessive dilation of blood vessels that contributes to hypotension implies that fluid administration would likely be helpful.

Question 18

syndrome

Answer 18

When the etiology of a particular set of signs and symptoms has not yet been determined

Question 19

Clinical manifestations

Answer 19

describes the signs and symptoms that typically accompany a particular pathophysiologic process. Manifestations may vary depending on the stage of the disorder, individual variation, and acuity or chronicity.

Question 20

idiopathic

Answer 20

When the cause is unknown

Question 21

Iatrogenic

Answer 21

If the cause is the result of an unintended or unwanted medical treatment, the resulting condition is said to be iatrogenic.

Question 22

Etiology

Answer 22

is the study of the causes or reasons for phenomena. A description of etiologic process includes the identiication of those causal factors that, acting in concert, provoke a particular disease or injury.

Question 23

Congenital (Inborn) diseases or birth defects

Answer 23

birth defects

usually caused by teratogens