exam 1 material Flashcards
when scientists generate a single informed, logical and plausible explanation for a question and observations of the natural world, they are proposing a scientific
hypothesis
a scientific hypothesis must be___;if not, science cannot evaluate it
testable
a scientific hypothesis must be constructed with which of the following characteristics
provides a reasonable explanation to a question and is consistent with current observations;it must also be testable and falsifiable
is it important for scientists to undergo peer review of their results by fellow scientists
yes. the quality and accuracy of the scientific work can be enhanced by input, further review, and possibly even repetition by other scientists working in the same field
what could not be used to develop a testable hypothesis
do ghosts impact how children sleep
some questions fall outside the realm of science. which could not be answered using the scientific method
why is it unethical to test newly developed drugs in animals
david blehert and his research team had 117 healthy bats to study in the lab and divided them into 4 groups. group 1 was housed in an area free from Geomyces destructoans known to cause white nose syndrome. group 2 was in an area that shared same air as bats infected with WNS, but did not have direct contact with the infected bats. group 3 was in direct contact wth other WNS bats. Group 4 directly exposed to Geo. dest. when it was applied to their wings. during the study period, the bats were monitored for signs of wns. what were independent and dependent variables
independent variable=type of exposure to geomyces destructans
dependent variable=whether or not bats became sick with WNS
scientists are human and susceptible to personal and group biases that may influence how they interpret evidence. before original research work is accepted and added to a growing body of scientific understanding, perhaps even contributing to our understanding of an important scientific theory, it must be scrutinized by experts in the field who have no direct connection to the research under review. the main mechanism for doing this is
peer reviewed publications
scientific understanding can always be challenged, and even changed, with new ways of observing and with different interpretations
scientific knowledge can change given increased knowledge
carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen are all examples of
elements
central element found in organic molecules
carbon
a group of astronauts returning from outer space studied samples taken from their lunar landing. they found that one of their samples was coated with organic compounds. which of the following statements must be correct about their samples
the samples must contain carbon atoms
in the chemical reaction that forms water, hydrogen, ad oxygen share electrons creating __ bonds between the 2 atoms
covalent
which of the following explains why ice floats on water
the distance between water molecules in ice is greater than in liquid water
oil and water don’t mix together well because
water is polar and oil is nonpolar
you’re given an unknown substance and asked to determine whether it is polar or non polar. the easiest way to do this would be to
determine whether the compound dissolves in water
in making your morning tea, you drop a sugar cube into some hot water. you stir the mixture but no longer see the sugar cube at the bottom of your mug. based on your observation of sugar dissolving in hot water, you probably concede that the sugar is
hydrophilic
a carwash attendant offers to treat your windshield with a protective agent. this substance coats the glass, causing beads of water to easily roll off during a rain shower. which of the following must be correct about the protective agent
must be hydrophobic
which is most acidic ph out of these: 5.7.8.10
5
most basic
10
which of the following would NOT be a situation where your own scientific literacy would be helpful
do i have ghosts in my closet
which statement about the process of science is not accurate
science can answer all questions regarding human experience and personal values
which of the following is least likely to include unchecked claims when making scientific statements
peer reviewed scientific journals
Vicky wants to be a zoologist and measured lengths of earthworms and made a graph. is this scientific
no, because she had no hypothesis to direct her data collection or interpretation
most supportive in determining if a researcher was fit to evaluate the scientific claim
has a phd, md, or at least an ms and years of experience in the field in which he is making a scientific claim
a protein
is composed of amino acids, is folded and this folding is important to its function, and can denature if the temperature is increased
positive correlation
is not a cause and effect
the fact that the onset of autism symptoms typically occurs at about the same age children receive many of their vaccinations including the MMR is an example of
an observed correlation but not necessarily evidence of a cause and effect relationship
in the miller-urea experiment, the experiment included methane. why was this important
it was in the earth’s early atmosphere; given our organic molecules are made from carbon this would serve as the carbon source for these molecules
developing a scientific understanding of a natural phenomenon typically begins by
observing a quantifiable natural phenomena
