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MIC 201L final > Exam 1 material > Flashcards

Exam 1 material Flashcards

1
Q

Which is a macromolecular difference between the domains Bacteria and Archaea?

A. Archaea contain a nucleus and Bacteria do not

B. Bacteria contain DNA and Archaea do not

C. Bacteria contain a plasma membrane and Archaea do not.

D. Bacteria cell wall contains peptidoglycan and the Archaea does not

E. Archaea contain DNA and Bacteria do not

A

D. Bacteria cell wall contains peptidoglycan and the Archaea does not

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2
Q

What is the term for a bacterium that has an absolute requirement of oxygen for growth?

A. Aerobe

B. Anaerobe

C. Aerotolerant anaerobe

D. Facultative anaerobe

E. Facultative aerobe

A

A. Aerobe

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3
Q

Which of the following is not a characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving?

A. DNA as the genetic material

B. Metabolism

C. Growth

D. Reproduction

E. Ability to evolve

A

A. DNA as the genetic material

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4
Q

Some extreme halophiles maintain high internal concentrations of potassium to avoid osmotic shock. What does halophilic DNA possess that prevents damage from potassium?

A. A novel nucleotide

B. Their DNA is single stranded instead of double stranded

C. A high GC content

D. The DNA is enclosed inside a protective membrane sac

E. The DNA is protected by high concentrations of magnesium ions

A

C. A high GC content

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5
Q

Bacterial cell walls are composed of _______, algae cell walls are composed of ______, and fungal cell walls are composed of _______.

A. Chitin; Peptidoglycan; Cellulose

B. Cellulose; Chitin; Peptidoglycan

C. Peptidoglycan; Cellulose; Chitin

D. Cellulose; Peptidoglycan; Chitin

E. Peptidoglycan; Chitin; Cellulose

A

C. Peptidoglycan; Cellulose; Chitin

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6
Q

The discovery of ribozymes provided evidence that life on the early Earth may have been based on:

  • *A.** RNA
  • *B.** Proteins

C. DNA

D. Lipids

E. Polysaccharides

A

A. RNA

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7
Q

The MreB protein in bacteria play an important role in:

A. Determining cell shape

B. Motility

C. Energy metabolism

D. Meiosis

E. Nuclear division

A

A. Determining cell shape

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8
Q

Some bacteria produce sterol-like molecules called ___ that help to stabilize the plasma membrane

A. Ergosterol

B. Progesterone

C. Hopanoids

D. Phycols

E. Stigmasterols

A

C. Hopanoids

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9
Q

Which term describes spherical-shaped bacteria?

A. Cocci

B. Bacilli

C. Spirilla

D. Vibrio

E. Pleiomorphic

A

A. Cocci

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10
Q

Enveloped viruses are mainly associated with which of the following?

A. Plants and bacteria

B. Animals

C. Bacteria

D. Plants and animals

E. Plants

A

B. Animals

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11
Q

Which is the best definition of an antiseptic?

A. A chemical agent that is applied to hospital equipment to kill or inhibit microbes

B. A chemical agent that is applied to living tissue to kill and inhibit microbes

C. An antibiotic that is applied to living tissue

D. A physical agent that is used to sterilize hospital equipment

E. A physical agent that is used on human tissue to inhibit microbial growth

A

B. A chemical agent that is applied to living tissue to kill and inhibit microbes

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12
Q

Why are viruses considered acellular?

A. They do not contain a membrane-bound nucleus

B. They do not contain a phospholipid-based membrane

C. They do not contain genetic material

D. They cannot replicate independently

E. They cannot produce energy

A

D. They cannot replicate independently

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13
Q

What is the premise of the coevolution hypothesis of viral evolution?

A. Viruses appeared after the first cells were well established

B. Viruses arose from excess DNA of cells

C. Viruses first appeared at the same time as the first primordial cells

D. Viruses first appeared a million years ago and continue to evolve along with their hosts

E. Viruses originated when some cells lost the ability to replicate on their own.

A

C. Viruses first appeared at the same time as the first primordial cells

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14
Q

Which of these are found in both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?

A. Nucleus

B. Mitochondria

C. Vacuole

D. Ribosomes

E. Chloroplasts

A

D. Ribosomes

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15
Q

How do bacteriophages invade the bacterial cell?

A. The bacteriophage fuses itself to the cell membrane

B. The bacteriophage directly injects its nucleic acid

C. Endocytosis of the bacteriophage

D. Through lysis of the cell

E. Via a hole in the cell membrane

A

B. The bacteriophage directly injects its nucleic acid

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16
Q

Which one of the following is NOT a key function of the cytoplasmic membrane?

A. Signal transduction

B. Nutrient transport

C. Environmental sensing

D. Protein synthesis

E. Oxidative electron transport

A

D. Protein synthesis

17
Q

All members of the domain Archaea live in extreme environments.

A. True

B. False

A

B. False

18
Q

The DNA in a bacterial cell is surrounded by a membrane.

A. True

B. False

A

B. False

19
Q

All viruses require host cell machinery for translation.

A. True

B. False

A

A. True

20
Q

All members of Eukarya contain a cell wall.

A. True

B. False

A

B. False

21
Q

Small infectious RNA molecules that cause disease in plants are called viroids.

A. True

B. False

A

A. True

22
Q

Archaeal organisms package and condense their DNA using histones similar to eukaryal organisms.

A. True

B. False

A

A. True

23
Q

Unlike multicellular organisms, morphology is of limited value in differentiating among species of bacteria.

A. True

B. False

A

A. True

24
Q

Viruses are only able to infect eukaryotic cells.

A. True

B. False

A

B. False

25
Q

Short answer: What is the nucleoid and how is it different from the nucleus?

A

A nucleiod is the largest area in a cytoplasm. It is NOT membrane bound.

It is different from the nucleus because the nucleus is membrane bound.

26
Q

Short answer: What are two (2) pieces of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic Theory?

A

1) Mitochondria/choloroplasts resemble bacteria in both size and shape.
2) The arrangement of double membranes around these structures is consistent with ingestion idea.

27
Q

Short answer: Draw a bacterial growth curve and label each phase

A
28
Q

Short answer: List five (5) characteristics used to classify bacteria.

A
  1. Size/shape
  2. Gram type
  3. Colony morphology
  4. Presence of structures such as capsules
  5. Metabolic traits
29
Q

Short answer: Would the enzyme lysozyme be effective against archaeons? Defend your answer.

A

No, lysozymes are ineffective in degrading pseudopeptidoglycan in archaeons since their strutural components are linked with a β-1,3 linkage, and lysozyme is only effective in degrading β-1,4 linkages to degrade peptidoglycan.

30
Q

Short answer: Why is it difficult to treat infections by eukaryal microbes

A

Because their cells are more similar to human body cells, so it’s harder to detect.

MIC 201L final (2 decks)

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