EXAM 1 MATERIAL Flashcards
What is the goal of public health nursing?
Organizing community efforts using scientific and technical knowledge to prevent disease and promote health
What are benefits of public health?
-increase in life expectancy
-decreased deaths from stroke, CAD, CA
-population-focused PH approach could help prevent up to 70% of early death in America, compared to only 10% for medical treatment
What are the core functions of public health?
-assessment
-policy development
-assurance
What is the intervention wheel?
Population-based model that encompasses three levels of practice (community, systems, individual/family)
-identifies and defines 17 public health interventions
What are social determinants of health?
SDOH are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
Includes:
-economic stability
-education access and quality
-health care access and quality
-neighborhood
-social and community connection
What is community health assessment?
Creating programs to promote health (ex: nurses assess a community by collecting data about a certain population)
-aimed at optimizing community or population health
How is data gathered during a community assessment?
-surveys, census, etc.
-evaluate the data
-indemnify gaps
-interpret data
What is a community?
Individuals that share a common factor (religion, ethnicity, etc.)
What are factors that make up the health of a community?
- Health status: key community characteristics. Biostatistics on health and disease
2.Structure: demographics and available resources - Competence: essential for effective community functioning
What is effective community functioning?
-how do participants interact? Who is making the decision in the community?
-how are relationships within the community managed?
Effective community function demonstrates commitment to a community, includes policies and hierarchy structure; members actively participating in local services and promoting self-awareness and understanding
What is the purpose of a community health assessment?
Identify areas for action aimed at improving the health of the community
-the first step in health planning
-provides baseline data to help with the evaluation of health programs
What is a comprehensive assessment?
Collection of data about populations living within a community
-looks at assists, unmet needs and opportunities for improvement
Uses community statistics:
-health status
-health needs
Data for epidemiological studies
What is a population-focused assessment?
Population = larger group with commonalities but may not interact (commonality = age, gender, ethnicity, health issues)
Ex: immigrants, diabetes, pregnant women
Assessment focused on specific population characteristics
What is a setting specific assessment?
Focused on a specific setting
-identifies strengths/weaknesses or policies and programs within an organization/setting
What is a health-problem based assessment?
Who is at risk for this health problem?
Focuses on a specific problem or health issue
Promotes an understanding of policies, practices, and environments to determine who is at risk
What is a health impact assessment?
Helps to influence decision-makers and influence policies
Evaluates health impacts broadly using quantitiative, qualitative, and participatory techniques
-assess across diverse economic sectors
Rapid needs assessment
Framework provided by the CDC
Used to understand the immediate community needs and determine possible action
-systematic approach that is pre-formulated
What is asset mapping?
Has a positive community focus emphasizing strengths and assets
Develop needs based on the assets
-shifts attention from deficits to positives
-involves mapping community assets and capacities
Three aspects included on a map:
-people
-places
-systems
What is community based participatory research (CBPR)?
Engages community members using a collaborative approach
-reflects community concerns and tap into the community member’s expertise
It is sustainable, and has a positive impact
What are some ethics issues with CBPR?
It is important to evaluate issues of power and fairness in the community.
Must have appropriate selection of representatives
Must obtain consent, maintain community equilibrium, and dissemination (give the data back) of sensitive data
—make sure the population is okay to be involved, safe guards must be put in place to ensure the safety and protection of the community, is the community impacted positively?
What is the change model?
Community health assessment and group evaluation (change model)
An approach rooted in socioeconomic models to provide a foundation for program evaluation. Approach begins with an end-goal in mind
-emphasizes including evaluation early in the assessment
CDC “CHANGE” tool
What are the 8 action steps in the change model?
- Assemble the community
- Develop a team (include the community)
- Review community sectors
- Gather data from each sector (collect relevant data, look at health indicators, what programs already exist)
- Review data and reach consensus (analyze data collaboratively)
- Enter data
- Analyze data and assign ratings to each sector (highlight areas for improvement)
- Build an action plan
What is the MAPP model?
Used for communities to achieve improved health and quality by mobilizing partnerships for strategic action
What are the 6 phases of the MAPP model?
- Organizing for success
- Developing a vision
- Identifying strategic issues
- Formulating goals and strategies
- Taking action
- Comprehensive community health assesssment
Primary data collection
Data directly collected by the assessment team
-observing community and offers insight through firsthand observation
-explores community details in-depth
Secondary data examination
Involves analyzing data collected for another purpose
Ex: census data
What are KEEPRA factors?
Factors of the primary community assessment
Stands for: Kinship, Economics, Education, Political, Religious, Associations
-encompasses key dimension of community life
