Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

General Zoology > Exam 1 Material > Flashcards

Exam 1 Material Flashcards

1
Q

Ecology:

A

Relationship between organisms and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Habitat:

A

is the physical location of a species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ecological niche:

A

total way of life or functional role of a species in an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Population:

A

One species, same place and time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Community:

A

Assemblage of organisms in a habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ecosystem:

A

All populations in a community with their physical environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biosphere:

A

Thin outer layer of earth capable of supporting life (land, water, atmosphere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Population size:

A

the number of individuals in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Population density:

A

number of individuals living in a given area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Population distribution:

A

the way individuals are arranged in space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Distribution:

A

spacing of individuals relative to each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Clumped:

A

concentrated in specific parts of habitat, common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Uniform:

A

evenly spaced in habitat, less common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Random:

A

spacing unrelated to presence of others, rare-animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Population growth:

A

difference between rates of birth and death. effected on a local scale by dispersal (movement of individuals among populations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Survivorship Curve
Type 1:

A

Young and those at reproductive age have a high probability of surviving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Survivorship Curve
Type 2:

A

> Probability of survival doesn’t change with age
E.g. adult bird, rodents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Survivorship Curve
Type 3:

A

Probability of mortality greatest early in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Age Structures:

A

population growth slows as countries become more industrialized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Carrying Capacity (K):

A

> Largest population that can be maintained for a given amount
No population can increase exponentially indefinitely
Populations rarely stabilize at K
Populations that overshoot K may crash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Population crash:

A

abrupt decline from high to low density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Exponential Growth:

A

> Accelerating population growth rate
J shaped curve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Density Dependent factors:

A

> Influence varies with density of population
Slows growth at high densities and increases it at low densities to regulate around K
Predation, disease, competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Population Cycles:

A

an absence of predators allows an herbivore population to exceed carrying capacity, which results in overgrazing of the habitat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Density Independent factors:

A

> Environmental factor that affects population size
Not influenced by changes in density
Weather, fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Primary producers (autotrophs):

A

make organic molecules from inorganic substances; photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Heterotrophs (consumers);

A

Obtain energy by feeding on other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Decomposers:

A

break down organic material and use products for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Predator-Prey interactions:

A

> Involve continuous evoluntionary change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Aposematic warning coloration:

A

Conspicuous markings make animal easy to recognize and warn predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Cryptic coloration:

A

match background to hide from predator (or prey)

32
Q

Mimicry:

A

resemblance of species to another or aspect of its environment

33
Q

Symbiosis:

A

association in which two species live together tin a close relationship

34
Q

Mutualism:

A

Both members benefit

35
Q

Commensalism:

A

one of the partner species benefits and the other partner is unaffected

36
Q

Parasitism:

A

one member of the relationship benefits while the other is harmed

37
Q

Competiton:

A

struggle for 2 organisms to use limited resources

38
Q

Competitive exclusion:

A

one species eliminates the other

39
Q

Fundamental niche:

A

theoretical niche organism would occupy in the absence of competition

40
Q

Realized niche:

A

actual niche organism occupies in nature

41
Q

Resource Partitioning:

A

Natural selection favors individuals of species that reduce competition for resources

42
Q

Character displacement:

A

when two species diverge more in sympatry then they do in allopatry, this reduces competition

43
Q

Sympatry:

A

they live in the same place

44
Q

Allopatry:

A

they live in two different places

45
Q

Keystone Species:

A

interacts in critical ways with the ecosystem

46
Q

Evolution:

A

changes in allele frequencies of a population over generations

47
Q

Aristotle:

A

> greek philosopher
Scala naturae-great chain of being
No mechanism proposed
Fossils were former life

48
Q

Georges-Louis Buffon:

A

> French naturalist
Earth was very old (70,000 years)
Influence of environment on modifications on animal form

49
Q

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck:

A

> fossils were remains of extinct animals
inheritance of acquired characteristics
emphasized great age of the earth
ideas almost universally rejected

50
Q

Charles Lyle:

A

> small forces acting over long periods of time
influenced Darwin

51
Q

Charles Darwin:

A

> characteristics of species varied from place to place
great variety of organisms on young volcanic islands

52
Q

Alfred Russel Wallace:

A

He wrote Darwin expressing the same ideas which prompted Darwin to write On the Origin of Species

53
Q

Origin of Species:

A

> All organisms have descended with modification from common ancestors
Chief agent of modification is action of natural selection on individual variation

54
Q

Natural Selection:

A

> Differential survival and/or reproduction of individuals that differ in one or more heritable traits
Better adapted organisms are more likely to survive and become the parents of the next generation

55
Q

How Natural Selection Operates:

A

> Overproduction
Heritable variation
Limits on population growth
Differential reproductive success

56
Q

Endler Selection Experiment:

A

Spots can help guppies blend with their environment but males also need spots to attract females

57
Q

Population:

A

All of the individuals of the same species that live in a particular place at the same time

58
Q

Gene Pool:

A

> Sum total of all genes possessed by all the individuals in the population
Characterized by allele frequencies

59
Q

Allele Frequency:

A

Percentage of a specific allele of a given gene locus in the population

60
Q

Stabilizing Selection:

A

> Two or more opposing selection pressures
Selects against extreme phenotypes
- Shifts phenotypic curve toward average
Decreases diversity

61
Q

Disruptive Selection:

A

> Directional selection pressures favoring the two extremes
Acts against the average phenotype

62
Q

Species:

A

Groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other groups of populations
Members of the same species can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

63
Q

Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms:

A

Prevent successful mating

64
Q

Prezygotic vs. Postzygotic:

A

> prevent fertilization
prevent gene flow when mating occurs

65
Q

Temporal:

A

Do not breed at the same time of day or season

66
Q

Ecological:

A

Use different habitats
Will hybridize if contact

67
Q

Behavioral:

A

Differences in courtship rituals

68
Q

Mechanical:

A

Structural differences in reproductive organs

69
Q

Gametic incompatibility:

A

a. sperm transfer takes place but egg is not fertilized
b. gametes are chemically incompatible
c. ex. external fertilization in sponges

70
Q

Hybrid inviability:

A

die as embryos or shortly after birth

71
Q

Hybrid sterility:

A

sterile hybrid (ex: mules; horse x donkey)

72
Q

Hybrid breakdown:

A

male lion x female tiger
a. F1: liger (female)
b. F2: generation has lower fitness

73
Q

Sympatric Speciation:

A

population diverging in same physical location

74
Q

Phyletic Gradualism (Darwin):

A

a. speciation occurs gradually and stasis is apparent rather than real
b. transitional links should be found
c. an ancestral species can be transformed into a new species

75
Q

Punctuated Gradualism (Gould and Eldridge):

A

a. speciation occurs rapidly and then a species experiences stasis
b. transitional links will not necessarily be found
c. a subpopulation of the ancestral species become a new species

76
Q

Adaptive Radiation:

A

Evoluntionary diversification from common ancestral sock
Most common during periods of big environmental change

77
Q
A

General Zoology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions