Exam 1 (mainly Pharmacology) Flashcards
Chronatropic
affects heart rate
Inotropic
affects cardiac contractility (the strength of contraction)
Dromotropic
affects cardiac conductivity (conduction speed through AV node)
Preload
the maximum stretch of the cardiac muscles right before contraction
Afterload
resistive force that ventricular walls have to overcome in contraction to pump blood out
What is the equation for systolic blood pressure?
Cardiac output (Q) X systemic vascular resistance (TPR)
What makes up cardiac output?
Heart rate X SV
Benefits of regular physical activity and exercise?
improvement in cardiovascular and respiratory function, reduction in CVD factors
What CVD factors are reduced due to physical activity?
- systolic and diastolic BP
- increased HDL
- decreased triglycerides
- reduced total body fat and intra-abdominal fat
- reduced insulin needs; improved glucose tolerance
- reduced blood platelet adhesiveness and aggregation
- reduced inflamation
Benefits of PA: Decreased morbidity and mortality rates of which diseases?
- lower death rates from CAD
- lower disease rates of CAD, stroke, T2DM, metabolic syndrome, osteoporotic fx, cancer of bladder, breast, colon, endometrium and lung, and gallbladder disease
Which components have the strongest dose-response relationship with exercise?
- all-cause mortality
- cardiorespiratory health
- weight loss
- muscular health
- breast and colon cancer
What are the major risks of exercise?
- musculoskeletal injury
- sudden cardiac death in young
but these risks do not outweigh the benefits
What is OPQRST and A stand for as well as its use in pre-health screening?
Onset
Provocation and palliation
Quality
Region and radiation
Severity
Timing
Associated signs and symptoms
- the history of present illness
What is PAR Q+ and what is it used for?
- exercise pre-participation health screening
- Patient-guided method
- yes/no questions
What are the three components of the ACSM risk screening algorithm?
- does patient participate in regular physical activity?
- does patient have any signs or symptoms of CV, metabolic or renal disease?
- Does patient has a diagnosis of CV, metabolic or renal disease?
