Exam 1 (Listing System) Flashcards
Characteristics of Line Analysis accuracy
- Proper X-ray equipment
- Proper installation of equipment
- Properly assessed
- Properly aligned
- Proper patient placement
The process of comparing one segment relative to another segment or an established norm
Listing
A ________ needs to be established in order to make a comparison in a listing system
Standard
How many Upper Cervical Listings are there? How many are specific to Atlas? Axis?
- 20 Upper Cervical Listings
- 12 Atlas
- 8 Axis
The first letter in the Atlas listing system indicates what misalignment value?
None (“A” stands for Atlas)
The second letter of the Atlas listing system indicates what misalignment value?
Gives the relative superiority/inferiority of the atlas
What X-ray view and anatomical landmark are used in assessing superiority/inferiority of Atlas?
Lateral Film
Anterior Tubercle of Atlas
The third letter of the Atlas listing system indicates what misalignment value?
Atlas left/right laterality
T/F APOM film is used to determine the third component of the Atlas listing system
FALSE. Third component (Rt/Lt laterality) is determined on Nasium Film
The fourth letter of the Atlas listing system indicate what misalignment?
Anterior/Posterior rotation of Atlas on the side of laterality
T/F The Base Anterior Film is used to determine the 4th component of the Atlas listing
FALSE
The Base Posterior Film is used
The standard for the Upper Cervical System that all listings are based on
Center of the Foramen Magnum
Simple Listings of Axis
1) Spinous Right-Body Pivot
2) Spinous Left-Body Pivot
3) Entire Segment Right
4) Entire Segment Left
Compound Listings of Axis
1) Spinous Right-Body Pivot, Entire Segment Right
2) Spinous Left-Body Pivot, Entire Segment Left
3) Spinous Right-Body Pivot, Entire Segment Left
4) Spinous Left-Body Pivot, Entire Segment Right
When the atlas and the axis rotate in the same direction
Constant
In a constant, which vertebra should the chiropractor adjust?
The greatest misaligned vertebra (if about the same, consider Atlas as the first choice)
When the atlas and axis rotate in opposite directions.
Variable
In a variable, which vertebra should the chiropractor adjust?
Atlas
Which should Atlas always be considered over Axis to adjust in a variable?
Adjust axis could potentially increase the rotational component of the atlas listing putting more torsion on the cord area
Occurs when the atlas listing shows no rotation and/or the axis listing is Entire Segment Right or Entire Segment Left.
Non-applicable
4 films required for Upper Cervical analysis
- Lateral
- Nasium
- Base Posterior
- A-P Open Mouth
Alternate names for the 4 films required for Upper Cervical analysis
- Longitudinal (Lateral)
- Horizontal (Nasium)
- Vertical (Base Posterior)
- Vertico-horizontal (A-P Open Mouth)
Primary and secondary findings on a Lateral x-ray
Primary = Obtain second letter of the atlas listing (AS or AI) Secondary = Evaluate the C1/C2 relationship, check for any cervical anomalies, and evaluate the cervical curve (lordotic typically)
3 lines associated with the Lateral Film
1) Occipital Condyle Line (OCL)
2) Atlas Plane Line (APL)
3) Listing Line (LL)
How to draw the OCL
Occipital Condyle Line
-Place dots at the anterior and the posterior aspect of the occipital condyle at the level of the floor of the skull. Connect the dots to make the line
How to draw the APL
Atlas Plane Line
-Place a dot at the center of the anterior tubercle as close to the anterior arch as possible and one at the center of the narrowest portion of the posterior arch. The APL is made by connecting these dots.
How to draw the LL
Listing Line
-Place your parallel on the OCL and roll down until you get to the dot on the posterior arch. The LL is constructed by drawing a line through the dots
T/F The OCL and LL are parallel to one another
True
How many degrees between the APL and LL is considered normal
APL is above LL by 4 degrees
Any measurement of the APL and LL greater than 4 degrees gives the listing __ which anything below 4 degrees indicates the listing of __
> 4 degrees = AS
<4 degrees = AI
The APL is above the LL by 7 degrees. What is the correct listing?
AS3
The APL and the LL are on the same plane (0 degrees) What is the correct listing?
AI4
The LL is above the APL by 9 degrees. What is the correct listing?
AI5
What APL is above the LL by 2 degrees. What is the correct listing?
AI2
Primary and secondary findings on a Nasium film
Primary = Determine 3rd letter of the Atlas listing(Atlas Laterality) Secondary = determine if there is a possible condyle malformation
4 lines used for Nasium film
1) Ocular Orbit Line (OOL)
2) Superior Basic Line (SBL)
3) Inferior Basic Line (IBL)
4) Vertical Median Line (VML)
How to drawl the OOL
Ocular Orbit Line
1) Place dots on as many sets of like points on the ocular orbit as possible. Draw the OOL through a set of like-points that has atleast one more set of points parallel to them
How to draw the SBL
Superior Basic Line
-Place dots on the medial-inferior tips of the occipital condyles on both sides. Place the parallel on the OOL and roll down until you come to the first condyle tip. Draw a line through it.
How to draw the IBL
Inferior Basic Line
-Place dots on the lateral-inferior tips of the atlas lateral mass on both sides. The IBL is constructed by connecting these dots.
What must be drawn prior to drawing the VML?
Need to construct the “+” signs
