Exam 1 Linguistic Phonetics Flashcards
Language
mutual intelligibility
Dialect
mutually intelligible
Idiolect
makes your speech sound like “you”
Register
ways of speaking you adopt in certain circumstances
what is a phoneme?
sound of speech, minimal unit of sound that makes a difference in meaning
ex of minimal pair: rabbit/rabid, beet/bit
phonetic
Allophone
any variant forms of a phoneme. Example ‘p’ in pat and ‘ph’ in phat are variants of phoneme /p/
phonetic transcription: [square brackets]
phonetics
the study of sounds as they are produced
phonology
the study of how sounds in a language are distributed, how sounds are organized into syllables, how sounds change when they’re next to each other
Phonotactic
describes how sounds can and can’t occur in a language, such as “sl” is cool but “tl” is not
Describing a position of a sound: WITHIN A WORD
- Initial 2. Medial 3. Final
Describing a position of a sound: WITHIN A SYLLABLE
- Releasing 2. Medial 3. Arresting
Describing a position of a sound: with reference to a VOWEL
- prevocalic 2. postvocalic
syllable
needs vowel or an energy center, consonant preceding the vowel
syllable: rhyme
nucleus (vowel) + coda (consonant following vowel)
syllable: onset
consonants preceding vowel
Morphology
study of forms of language
morpheme
smallest unit of word that carries meaning
derivational morpheme
change the meaning of the word
ex. laugh-laughable-unlaughable
inflectional morpheme
indicate grammar info such as past/present, plural/singular
ex. dogs-dogS, walk-walkED
free morpheme
can stand alone as a word
ex. dog, swim, chair
bound morpheme
must be attached to something else
ex. swim+s, careful+ly, ruin+ing
