Exam 1: Lecture Questions Flashcards
What role does the source play in the communication process?
The source starts communication, the person who encodes the message and translates it to the receiver.
What role does the receiver play in the communication process?
One who understand the message
What are the central postulates of human communication?
Process Systematic Interactional Intentional/Unintentional Functional
What is meant by saying that communication is a systemic process?
people interact through Symbols, to create interpret meaning.
Why do we communicate?
To achieve self identification and self- fulfillment
In what ways is communication process functional?
Allows us to change and adapt to change
What are the components of communication?
Context Sender/Encoder Message Medium Receiver/Decoder Feedback
What is Encoding? What is Decoding ?
Encoding- the processes of transferring the information you want to communicate.
Decoding- taking the time to read a message,or listen carefully.
What is Meaning ?
What is meant by a word, text, or action.
Do meanings adhere in people or in messages?
Meaning are in People.
What is the main purpose of communication.
To exchange information, and achieve a common understanding.
What is five human characteristics make the accurate communication of meaning difficult?
- Need for psychology
- Self
- Assume that we clearly and accurate send and receive messages
- The complexity of the perceptual situation
- Failure to Consider the inference process
Why do we communicate?
To interact
Express
Entertain
Socialization
Name and define the two categories of signs.
Signals - somthing that refers to some other specific thing.
Symbol -Words, visual, images, gestures
Symbolic interactions rest on what ideas?
- Act towards things on the basis of meanings
- Social interaction meanings arise
- Modified through an interpreted process
What functions do symbols perform?
Allow us to define somthing
Help us organize
Stereotyping
Evaluate
Hypothetical thought
-Recognize alternatives
-Time bindDefine listening
to perceive oral and nonverbal messages
What are the implications of symbolic interaction?
All language is symbolic
Define Understanding
reduction of uncertainty of an individual, brought about by the accurate process of messages.
Define Information.
what we get from verbal and nonverbal messages
Define selectivity.
degree to which you agree or reject stimuli
-Choose to expose ourselves to pay attention, remember, get messages from others
What are the three features of symbols?
Arbitrary
Ambigious
Abstract
What are the levels of meaning? define each.
- Formal- dictionary, meaning
- Affective- connotative, or personal, meaning
- Functional- meaning comes from how something’s
Name and define the forms of meaning.
· Enactive- understand something based on actions.
· Iconic- visual image
· Symbolic- label something.
What is the psychology of communications
Readiness to respond to messages or cues in characteristic ways.
Three Self-directed orientation of people engaged in communication tend to make each interaction what?
Unique, Integrated, Active
What are the selective behaviors? How do they affect information processing ?
- Selective attention- humans want psychological balance
- Selective exposure- we choose not to expose ourselves to sources of information that disconfirm our values
- Selective perception- we screen out bits of information that don’t fit
- Selective retention- humans try to forget unwanted information
What is a sign?
something that allows us to encounter objects, people, and situations correctly.
What are the stages of the process of listening (SIER Model)
Sense, Interpret, Evaluate, Respond
What are the barriers of effective listening?
· Attitudes · Channel · Experience · Listening habits · Message itself is poorly constructed · Noise · Retention · Semantics- meanings we have for words · Selective behaviors
What is accuracy?
the original message and the meaning intended by the source of the message.
