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A&P II > Exam 1 - Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

renal clearance of stuff from kidney is

A

volume of plasma cleared over time

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2
Q

CH2O is what?

A

Clearance of free water or free water clearance, which is volume of water cleared from body per unit of time.

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3
Q

Our free water clearance is _____ when we have alot of ADH

A

low

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4
Q

Our free water clearance is ____ when we have few ADH

A

high

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5
Q

How do we calculate the MAP?

A

Diastolic pressure PLUS 1/3rd of the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.

e.g.: 80 + ((120 - 80)/3) = 93

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6
Q

Highest resistance blood vessels in circulation are

A

arterioles

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7
Q

Upstream of arterioles, pressure is _____. Downstream, pressure is

A

High; low

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8
Q

The blood pressure in the venules is

A

10 mmHg

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9
Q

What is the pressure in the right atrium

A

0 mmHg, when healthy. If they are sick, it’ll be higher.

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10
Q

Delta P of systemic circulation is what?

A

100 mmHg.

100 at the aorta, 0 at the end (right atrium)

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11
Q

Pulmonary arterial pressure MAP is

A

16 mmHg

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12
Q

What is the MAP referred to in pulmonary artery?

A

PAP, or mPAP (mean)

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13
Q

Normal systolic and diastolic pressure in pulmonary artery is

A

25/8

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14
Q

What is the end of the pulmonary circuit?

A

Left atrium

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15
Q

Pressure of the left atrium

A

2 mmHg

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16
Q

Delta P of entire pulmonary circuit is

A

16 - 2 = 14 mmHg

(16 in the PA, 2 in the left atrium.)

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17
Q

PP means

A

pulse pressure

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18
Q

What is pulse pressure

A

difference between systolic and diastolic pressure

120/80 = PP of 40

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19
Q

Where is pulse pressure highest?

A

Large arteries

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20
Q

Why is there a widening of the pulse pressure in the large arteries compared to the aorta?

A

the walls are more stiff, whereas the aorta is more stretchy.

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21
Q

If the walls are stiff, there will be a _____ pulse pressure. If they are stretchy, there will be a _____ pulse pressure.

A

Higher; lower

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22
Q

If a vessel wall had zero stretch to it, what does this do during systole and diastole?

A

systole would be extremely high, diastole would be extremely low. Walls do not move, it is completely dependent upon the blood flow.

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23
Q

Are the veins stretchy or stiff?

A

Very stretchy, thats why pressure doesnt really change in the veins.

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24
Q

What are two things that can increase pulse pressure?

A

Higher stroke volume, and higher wall resistance.

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25
Q

What is the reason for low pressure in pulmonary circuit?

A

low resistance!!!

26
Q

What is the term to describe stretchiness?

A

compliance

27
Q

Compliance is

A

change in volume over change of pressure (Delta V/ Delta P)

28
Q

If it requires a ton of pressure, to put in a volume container, compliance is

A

low

29
Q

If it requires little pressure to put in a volume container, compliance is

A

high

30
Q

left ventricle delta p is

A

120

(120 - 0)

31
Q

The right ventricle will have what kind of pressure in comparison to the right ventricle?

A

they will be the same during peak systole and 0 during diastole

32
Q

The smooth muscle in veins is what compared to arteries?

A

much thinner and not as much.

33
Q

What lines up the inside of the entire vascular system?

A

endothelial layers.

Continous all the way through the circulation system including the chambers of the heart.

34
Q

A healthy aorta will be ____ and how does it change as we age?

A

stretchy, starts to stiffen.

35
Q

Normal cardiac output is

A

5L/min

36
Q

Normal heart rate is

A

72bpm

37
Q

Normal stroke volume

A

70cc

38
Q

What does V = F/A mean?

A

Velocity = Flow divided by area

39
Q

How much distance of gravity of blood is 1 mmHg?

A

13.6 mm

40
Q

The further below the pressure source (heart), gravity will make the pressure ____

A

heavier

41
Q

What is the isogravimetric point? where is it?

A

point where gravity has zero effect on the pressure, which is located at the tricupside valve.

42
Q

How much pressure in the vein at the belly button is solely due to gravity?

A

22 mmHg

43
Q

How much pressure in the vein at the knee is solely due to gravity?

A

40 mmHg

44
Q

How much pressure in the vein in the foot is solely due to gravity?

A

90 mmHg

45
Q

How much pressure in the upper arm in the vein due to gravity?

A

6-8mmHg, even tho its even with the heart, its due to the curvature of the blood going up into the shoulder then down.

46
Q

What is the pressure in the veins of the neck? why?

A
  1. if it was negative, they would collapse because theyre thin walled and very compliant.
47
Q

What is the pressure in the sagittal sinus?

A

-10mmHg, stiff with meninges in the walls that keep it open regardless of negative pressure.

48
Q

How do we combat gravity in the veins?

A

1-way valves.

The valves act as shelves, once it passes it cant go back down.

49
Q

What helps move blood out of our legs back to heart?

A

moving around, skeletal muscle contracting and relaxing.

50
Q

The valves are _____ than the veinous wall

A

even thinner

Not meant to support large loads

51
Q

As you age, the valves in the leg will ?

A

the valves stop closing and it leads to build up of venous blood in the legs

52
Q

Do arteries have one way valves?

A

no

53
Q

Distensibility

A

Increase in volume / (increase in pressure x original volume)

54
Q

Vascular compliance

A

Increase in volume / increase in pressure

55
Q

Another word for distensibility is

A

expandability

56
Q

Conductance = ?

A

1 / resistance

conductance is the inverse of resistance!

57
Q

Conductance is equal to diamater …?

A

to the 4th power

Very little change in diameter will increase conductance.

58
Q

CV version of V = IR?

What can V be expressed as?

A

V = Blood pressure
I = Blood flow
R = Vascular resistance

V can be expressed as Delta-P.. so 100 mmHg

59
Q

Solve for Vascular resistance.. I = 5L/min, and V = 100

A

100mmHg / 5L per min… gives you SVR.

60
Q

Per the chart, what happens to the pressure when you add a little bit of volume to arteries? Veins?

Which system is more compliant?

A

goes way up! doesnt take much.

hardly moves for veins…

Veins!

61
Q

An increase in CVP will result in an increase in?

A

Right atrial pressure

A&P II (4 decks)

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