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Animal Nutrition > Exam 1: Last Year & Extra Material > Flashcards

Exam 1: Last Year & Extra Material Flashcards

1
Q

REQUIRED nutrients for all animals

A

Minerals
Lipids
Protein
Water
Vitamins

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2
Q

Enzymatic digestion occurs in the gastric stomach

A

Protein

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3
Q

Can be used to provide energy in the body

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

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4
Q

ALWAYS organic compounds

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Vitamins

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5
Q

Enzymatic digestion occurs in the small intestine

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

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6
Q

One example of an important structure-function relationship in the GI tract. Where does this occur in the GI tract and one example we discussed for a specific species.

A

Ruminants: have incisors on the bottom for biting off grass and large molars to chew forages which allow them to ruminate effectively

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7
Q

Has limited large intestinal fermentation

A

Chicken

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8
Q

Is an obligate carnivore

A

Cat

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9
Q

A good research model for human GI tract

A

Pig

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10
Q

Has a complex foregut

A

Cattle

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11
Q

Why do various structures in the GI tract work to decrease feed particle size?

A

As particle size decreases, surface area increases, and digestibility increases

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12
Q

CHO

A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

AA

A

Amino Acids

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14
Q

VFA

A

Volatile Fatty Acids

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15
Q

Enterocyte

A

Absorptive cell in the small intestine

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16
Q

Non-essential FA

A

A fatty acid not needed in the diet because the animal can make it with the proper substrate

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17
Q

Proventriculus

A

Gastric stomach in birds

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18
Q

Midgut

A

Small Intestine

19
Q

Cellulose digestibility

A

Horses < Cattle

20
Q

Passage Rate

A

Hindgut fermenters > Ruminants

21
Q

Digestion of nutrients

A

Small intestine > stomach

22
Q

Capacity in pigs

A

Foregut = Midgut

23
Q

Capacity in ruminants

A

Midgut < Foregut

24
Q

Capacity in ponies

A

Large intestine > Small intestine

25
Q

Pepsin

A

Protein digestion

26
Q

Ventriculus

A

Mechanical digestion (grinding)

27
Q

Motility

A

Move digesta to next section

28
Q

Cephalic phase

A

Regulation of secretions - saliva

29
Q

Mucus

A

Protection from HCl & enzymes

30
Q

Villus

A

Increase surface area for absorption

31
Q

Incisors

A

Front teeth that bite off food

32
Q

4 main processes of nutrition

A
  1. Ingest feed
  2. Digest feed
  3. Absorb nutrients
  4. Use nutrients
33
Q

3 ways the GI tract protects itself from chemical secreted to digest feed

A
  1. Salvia protects teeth
  2. Mucus in stomach and small intestine
  3. Secretion of HCl separately in stomach
34
Q

What nutrient always contain nitrogen

A

Proteins

35
Q

Which if the following is NOT true regarding the gastric stomach

A

HCl it’s important for food breakdown

36
Q

Which of these does the GI tract NOT do

A

Have a lumen that in on the inside of the body

37
Q

Which of these is NOT a way the GI tract protects itself from pathogens present in feed

A

Zymogens

38
Q

Which of these is secured as a zymogen

A

Proteases

39
Q

What is the function of small intestinal crypts

A

To house stem cells that multiply to provide enterocytes and other epithelial cells

40
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about saliva

A

It is regulated almost entirely by hormones

41
Q

How do the GI tracts of chickens compare with pigs

A
  1. Organic compounds are broken down by microbes
  2. Pigs rely more on their teeth to decrease particle size than chickens do
  3. Chickens have less Hindgut fermentation than pigs
  4. Chickens have a storage pouch along the esophagus, but pigs do not
42
Q

Which if these is NOT true about fermentation

A

The goal of microbes is to provide goof products for the host

43
Q

Why can horse eat a forage-based diet

A

They have a large, ensacculated/sacculated cecum and colon

44
Q

Which of the following is NOT true about digestion and absorption

A

Major enzymatic digestion begins in the gastric stomach

Animal Nutrition (3 decks)

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