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Therapeutic II > Exam 1 - Lab Values, ABG's > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Lab Values, ABG's Flashcards

1
Q

male hematocrit range

A

42-52%

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2
Q

female hematocrit range

A

37-47%

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3
Q

male hemoglobin range

A

14-18

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4
Q

female hemoglobin range

A

12-16

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5
Q

male RBC range

A

4.7-6.1

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6
Q

female RBC range

A

4.2-5.4

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7
Q

white blood cell count range

A

5,000 - 10,000

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8
Q

normal neutrophil segmented percentage of WBC

A

55-75%

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9
Q

normal neutrophil bands percentage of WBC

A

0-5%

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10
Q

normal percentage of lymphocytes of WBC

A

20-40%

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11
Q

what is a critical absolute neutrophil count

A

anything below 1,000

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12
Q

what is normal absolute neutrophil count

A

more than 2,000

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13
Q

what is normal platelet count

A

150,000 - 400,000

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14
Q

what are the critical values of platelets

A
  • less than 50,000

- more than 1,000,000

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15
Q

what is thrombocytopenia

A

decrease in platelets

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16
Q

what is thombrocytosis

A

increase in platelets

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17
Q

what is normal BUN range

A

10 - 20

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18
Q

what is normal female creatinine range

A

0.5 - 1.1

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19
Q

what is normal male creatinine levels

A

0.5 - 1.2

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20
Q

what is normal sodium levels

A

136 - 145

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21
Q

what is normal potassium levels

A

3.5 - 5.0

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22
Q

what is normal chloride levels

A

98 - 106

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23
Q

what is normal Co2/HCO3 range

A

35-45

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24
Q

what is normal magnesium levels

A

1.3 - 2.

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25
Q

what is normal calcium levels

A

9.0 - 10.5

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26
Q

dehydration can show falsely _____ levels of Hgb and Hct

A

high

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27
Q

over hydration can show falsely _____ levels of Hgb and Hct

A

low

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28
Q

decreased Hct could indicate

A

anemia or active bleeding

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29
Q

increase Hct could indicate

A

chronic hypoxia or polycythemia

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30
Q

what is a reticulocyte

A

an immature RBC

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31
Q

what could a low reticulocyte indicate

A

low levels of erythropoietin, so inadequate RBC function

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32
Q

are there different kinds of anemias

A

yes

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33
Q

high WBC count would indicate what

A

infection or cancer

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34
Q

reason for high SEG neutrophils

A

bacterial infection

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35
Q

what are band neutrophils

A

immature neutrophils

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36
Q

_____ neutrophils causes _____ neutrophils to increase

A

SEG……BAND

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37
Q

increased lymphocytes is an indication of

A

viral infection

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38
Q

which two WBC cells would increase if there were an allergic reaction

A

eosinophils and basophils

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39
Q

what WBC do not increase with viral and bacterial infections

A

eosinophils and basophils

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40
Q

what neutrophils are mature

A

SEGs

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41
Q

what neutrophils are immature

A

BANDS

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42
Q

what is a left shift

A

when an infection triggers the number of BAND neutrophils to increase

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43
Q

at what point will a person be placed on neutropenic precautions

A

when ANC drops below 1000

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44
Q

what are neutropenic precautions

A

no fresh fruit, cut flowers, plants, and use of meticulous hand hygiene, only healthy people can care for pt

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45
Q

what is polycythemia vera

A

platelets pulling off, common among Mediterranean populations

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46
Q

would a low platelet count indicate a need for a transfusion

A

yes

47
Q

what lab values do you pay attention to with cardiac patients

A

potassium and magnesium

48
Q

what two lab values have a reciprocal relationship, meaning when one gets high the other gets low

A

phosphorus and calcium

49
Q

what is more accurate in indicating the glomerular filtration rate creatinine or BUN

A

creatinine

50
Q

decreased calcium or increase phosphorus would require what two assessments

A

chvosteks sign and trousseau’s sign

51
Q

what is chvosteks sign

A

tap the face below and in front of ear (trigeminal nerve

52
Q

what is trousseaus sign

A

use BP cuff to cut off vessels and if hand and fingers spasm then positive sign

53
Q

increase or decrease in potassium would trigger what symptoms

A

cardiac symptoms

54
Q

decreased Na would result in what symptoms

A

change in LOC and muscle weakness

55
Q

what is hemoglobin A1C

A

only done for diabetics and it related to glucose

56
Q

normal values of hemoglobin A1C for non-diabetics

A

3.9- 5.2%

57
Q

what is a good value of hemoglobin A1C for diabetic

A

less that 8%

58
Q

what is a fair value of hemoglobin A1C for diabetics

A

8-9%

59
Q

what is an uncontrolled value of hemoglobin A1C for diabetics

A

greater than 9%

60
Q

what is the purpose of testing hemoglobin A1C for diabetics

A

to test the effectiveness of medications treating Type 1 and Type II diabetes, or whether the patient is adhering to treatment regimen

61
Q

why would you test the Hgb A1C as opposed to fasting glucose

A

HgbA1C is a better indication of glucose metabolism over the long term, whereas fasting glucose is a one time spot check

62
Q

increased TSH is an indication of _____thyroidism

A

hypo

63
Q

decreased TSH is an indication of _____thyroidism

A

hyper

64
Q

T3, T4, and Free T4 increased levels all indicatation of _____ thyroidism

A

hyper

65
Q

T3, T4, and Free T4 decreased levels all indication of ______thyroidism

A

hypo

66
Q

what is normal TSH range

A

2 - 10

67
Q

where is TSH secreted from

A

the pituitary gland

68
Q

fatigue, delayed reflexes, irregular menstrual cycle, cold intolerance, hair loss, CHF, and hypothermia are all signs and symptoms of

A

hypothyroidism

69
Q

hyperthermia, heat intolerance, acute, involuntary weight loss, exopthalmus, and CHF are all signs and symptoms of

A

hyperthyroidism

70
Q

the addition of what two proteins equals the total protein

A

albumin and gamma globulin

71
Q

albumin + gamma globulin =

A

total protein

72
Q

normal total protein value range is

A

6.4 - 8.3

73
Q

what is the major function of albumin

A

to maintain osmotic pressure, and as a transporter of meds, hormones, and enzymes

74
Q

normal albumin range

A

3.5 - 5

75
Q

a decrease in albumin would indicate

A

acute/chronic infection, tissue necrosis, surgery, stress response, liver cirrhosis

76
Q

where is albumin produced

A

the liver

77
Q

what is normal range for gamma globulin

A

2.3 - 3.4

78
Q

a decrease is gamma globulin would indicate

A

multiple myeloma, an inherited disorder

79
Q

another term for gamma globulins

A

immunoglobulins or antibodies

80
Q

why is prealbumin measured

A

to monitor patients nutritional status and liver function

81
Q

an increase in direct bilirubin may be a result of

A

gallstones, biliary obstruction, trauma

82
Q

what lab value would be high with a high carb diet

A

triglycerides

83
Q

an increase in indirect bilirubin may be a result of

A

hepatoma, newborn jaundice, hepatitis, cirrhosis

84
Q

cholesterol greater than 240
HDL less than 35
LDL greater than 160
this person is at ____risk for CAD

A

high risk

85
Q

what is PTT

A

partial thromboplastin time

86
Q

what does partial thrombroplastin time evaluate

A

evaluates intrinsic clotting system

87
Q

what is normal PTT

A

60 - 70 seconds

88
Q

what is APTT

A

activated partial thromboplastin time

89
Q

what is normal APTT

A

30 - 40 sec

90
Q

what therapy is APTT used to monitor

A

IV Heparin

91
Q

what is the antidote for Heparin

A

protamine sulfate

92
Q

what is PT

A

prothrombin

93
Q

APTT/PTT are prolonged for people with what

A

clotting deficiencies such as hemophilia and von Willebrand disease

94
Q

what does PT and INR evaluate

A

extrinsic clotting system

95
Q

what is normal PT

A

11 - 12.5 seconds

96
Q

what is PT used in combination with

A

INR

97
Q

PT and INR are used to regulate what therapy

A

coumadin

98
Q

what is antidote for coumadin

A

vit K

99
Q

normal range of INR is

A

0.8 - 1.1

100
Q

what does INR stand for

A

international normalized ratio

101
Q

what is normal INR

A

1

102
Q

what is normal urine pH

A

4.6 to 8

103
Q

what does ABG reflective function of

A

lung and kidney function

104
Q

sample of ABG must always be sent on

A

ice

105
Q

HCO3 (bicarb) is an acid or base

A

base

106
Q

CO2 (carbon dioxide) is an acid or base

A

acid

107
Q

respiratory distress/failure, COPD, emphysema, and pulmonary edema would be a result of

A

respiratory acidosis

108
Q

decrease in respiratory rate would result in CO2 retention causing

A

respiratory acidosis

109
Q

hyperventilation, fever, high altitude, anxiety, shortness of breath would result in and why

A

respiratory alkalosis because CO2 is being expelled quickly

110
Q

symptoms of respiratory alkalosis

A

tachypnea, diaphoresis, seizures, syncope

111
Q

uncontrolled diabetes, starvation, shock, aspirin overdose, diarrhea, chronic renal failure would result in

A

metabolic acidosis

112
Q

tachypnea, abdominal cramping are symptoms of metabolic

A

acidosis

113
Q

nausea, vomiting, bradypnea, seizures are symptoms of metabolic

A

alkalosis

Therapeutic II (6 decks)

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