Exam 1 Kines Skeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of the skeleton

A

provide support
muscle attachment (movement)–prevent movement
protection
creates an intricate network of levers:
fulcrum (joint which allows something to pivot/rotate) :the joints
bar-like body: the bones
forces: the muscles/ resistance

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2
Q

axial skeleton

A

skull, vertebrae, ribs (top part of skeleton) (74)

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3
Q

appendicular

A

extremities, shoulder girdle, and pelvis–arms, shoulder blades, legs, etc. (126)
**clavicle included

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4
Q

long bone function

A

movement

**long shaft with relatively broad knobby ends

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5
Q

short bone function

A

transfer/absorb force

**small chunky and solid

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6
Q

flat bone function

A

protection

**flat and plate like

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7
Q

sesamoid bone function

A

pulley

**bones of spinal column

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8
Q

irregular bone function

A

all others

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9
Q

long bone

A

shaft or body with a medullary canal, and relative broad, knobby ends

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10
Q

short bone

A

relatively small, chunky, solid

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11
Q

flat bone

A

flat and plate like

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12
Q

irregular bone

A

bones of spinal column

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13
Q

sesamoid

A

encased in tendon

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14
Q

ex. of long bones

A

ulna, femur, radius, metacarpals, phalanges, etc.

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15
Q

ex. of short bones

A

carpals, tarsals, talus etc.

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16
Q

ex. of irregular bone

A

vertebra

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17
Q

ex. of flat bone

A

scapula, sternum, pelvis, etc

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18
Q

ex. of sesamoid bone

A

patella

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19
Q

bone properties

A
living tissue 
osteoblasts: cells that build bone 
osteoclasts: cells that absorb bones 
60-70% of bone dry weight: calcium 
25-30% of bone total weight: water 

**aging causes progressive loss of collagen & increases brittleness

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20
Q

cortical/compact bone

A

dense, low porosity

5 to 30% nonmineralized tissue (other then calcium)

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21
Q

cancellous/trabecular/spongy bone

A

less dense, high porosity
30-90% nonmineralized tissue
**most outer bone is cortical with cancellous underneath

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22
Q

mechanical axis

A

a straight line that connects the midpoint of the joint at one end of a bone with the midpoint of the joint at the other end
the axis may lie outside of the shaft
**see diagram

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23
Q

joint classifications

A

synarthrodial
amphiarthrodial
diathrodial

24
Q

Synarthrodial

A

Immovable joints, suture such as skull suture, gomophosis such as teeth fitting into mandible or maxilla (between the bones of the skull)

25
Amphiarthrodial
Slightly movable joints, allow a slight amount of motion to occur - -ankle - -sternum (breathing) - -pelvic bone - -ribs
26
Diathrodial
freely moveable joints structurally synovial joints, composed of sleevelike joint capsules, secretes synovial fluid to lubricate joint cavity **motion in 1 plane-1 degree of freedom (elbow) uniaxial **motion in 2 planes-2 degrees of freedom ( finger) biaxial **motion in 3 planes-3 degrees of freedom (hip, shoulder) triaxial
27
superior
cranial (head)
28
inferior
caudal (tail fin)
29
anterior
ventral (v-visura)--gut
30
posterior
dorsal (fish)
31
distal
towards didgets (fingers & toes)
32
proximal
towards shoulder girdle and towards the pelvis
33
extremities
proximal/distal
34
core of the body
inferior/superior
35
anatomical position
hands out
36
fundamental position
hands at side
37
superficial
on the exterior
38
deep
work through layers
39
ipsilateral
same side of body
40
contralateral
different sides of body
41
unilateral
single limb (throwing)
42
bilateral
two limbs (soccer throw in etc)
43
prone
face down (push-ups)
44
supine
``` face up (sit-ups) **holding soup ```
45
volar
palm side of hand (bottom of foot)
46
diaphysis
long cylindrical shaft of the bone
47
epiphysis
ends of long bones
48
epiphyseal plate
growth plate
49
articular (hyaline) cartilage
covers the epiphysis to provide cushioning effect and reduce friction
50
cortex
hard, dense compact bone forming walls of the diaphysis
51
periosteum
dense, fibrous membrane covering outer surface of diaphysis
52
endosteum
fibrous membrane that lines the inside of the cortex
53
medullary (marrow) cavity
inside disphysis containing yellow or fatty marrow--fatty tissue
54
diarthrodial (gliding) joints
2 plane or flat bony surfaces which butt against each other little motion possible in any 1 joint articulation usually work together in a series of articulations **joints between the carpals **the things on the sides of the vertabre
55
diarthrodial (hinge) joints
a uniaxial articulation articular surfaces allow motion in only one plane **elbow