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MIST 355 > Exam 1 key terms > Flashcards

Exam 1 key terms Flashcards

1
Q

Host

A

end systems (client/server).

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2
Q

Communication links

A

fiber, copper, radio, satellite.

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3
Q

Packet switches

A

forward packets (chunks of data)

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4
Q

Transmission rate

A

the rate at which data is moved across a communication channel.

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5
Q

Packets

A

unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the internet or any other packet-switched network.

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6
Q

Routers

A

typically used in network core, forward packets toward their ultimate destination.

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7
Q

Link layer switches

A

similar to routers, used in access networks.

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8
Q

ISP

A

(Internet Service Provider) provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the internet (cable, telephone)

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9
Q

Protocol

A

control the sending and receiving of information within the internet.

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10
Q

TCP

A

(Transmission Control Protocol) enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. Guarantees all packets will be there.

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11
Q

IP

A

(Internet Protocol) Data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Specifies the format of the packets that are sent and received among routers and end systems.

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12
Q

RFC

A

(Request for Comments) resolve network and protocol design problems that faced the precursor to the internet.

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13
Q

Intranet

A

network based on TCP/IP protocols. Belonging to an organization (private).

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14
Q

Distributed apps

A

involve multiple end systems that exchange data with each other. Email, web surfing, IM, social networks.

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15
Q

API

A

(Application Programming Interface) specifies how a program running on one end system asks the internet infrastructure to deliver data to a specific destination program running on another end system.

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16
Q

Client

A

desktop, mobile PC’s, smartphones.

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17
Q

Server

A

more powerful machines.

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18
Q

Edge router

A

forwards packets to computer hosts within a network

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19
Q

DSL

A

(Digital Subscriber Line) broadband internet, local telephone provider (comcast).

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20
Q

HFC

A

(Hybrid Fiber Coax) combines optical fiber and coaxial cable.

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21
Q

Cable modem

A

external device and connects to the home PC through an ethernet port.

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22
Q

Wireless LAN

A

(Local Area Network) wireless users transmit/receive packets to/from an access point that is connected into the enterprise’s network, which in turn is connected to the wired internet.

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23
Q

Wide Area Access networks

A

3G/4G LTE

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24
Q

Guided and unguided media

A

fiber optic = guided; radio = unguided

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25
LEO satellites
(Low Earth Orbiting) closer to earth and do not remain in one spot. Rotate like the moon. Provide continuous coverage to an area.
26
Circuit
what the connection is called
27
TDM
Time-division Multiplexing. Time is divided into frames of fixed duration, and each frame is divided into a fixed number of time slots
28
FDM
Frequency-Division Multiplexing. Divided up among the connections established across the link.
29
Store and forward transmission
means that the packet switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.
30
Output buffer or queue
stores packets that the router is about to send into that link. Key role in packet switching.
31
Packet loss
due to finite buffer space. Either the arriving packet or one of the already queued packets will be dropped.
32
Statistical multiplexing
communication channel is divided into an arbitrary number of variable bit-rate digital channels or data streams.
33
Tier 1 ISP
similar to our “imaginary” global transit ISP. These actually exist in every city in the world. (AT&T, Sprint, NTT)
34
Nodal processing delay
time it takes to process a packet in a network node (router, switch, hub), which is depended on the speed of the device and congestion in the network.
35
Queuing delay
packets waiting to be transmitted onto the link. Depends on the number of earlier arriving packets that are queued and waiting for transmission.
36
Transmission delay
L/R. The amount of time required to transmit all of the packet's bits into the link.
37
Propagation delay
the time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to router B. (slow youtube video)
38
Datagram
network-layer packets
39
Denial of service attack
(DoS) renders a network, host, or other piece of infrastructure unusable by legitimate users.
40
Distributed DOS
(DDoS) attacker controls multiple sources and has each source blast traffic at the target.
41
Forwarding table
maps destination addresses to that router's outbound links.
42
Peer
user. Intermittently connected hosts. P2P.
43
Client
communicate with server. may be intermittently connected, may have dynamic IP addresses, do not communicate directly with each other.
44
Server
“always on” host. Permanent IP address. Data centers for scaling.
45
Client server architecture
there is an “always on” host (server) which services requests from many other hosts (clients).
46
Application architecture
designed by the application developer and dictates how the application is structured over the various end systems.
47
P2P architecture
minimal (or no) reliance on dedicated servers in data centers. Exploits direct communication between “peers”
48
Reliable data transfer
guaranteed data delivery service. Transport Protocol. ie. file transfer, web transactions.
49
Loss tolerant applications
some of the data sent by the sending process may never arrive at the receiving process.
50
Throughput
rate of production. Rate at which something can be processed.
51
Port number
located in the header. arrives at server. web server port 80.
52
HTTP
(HyperText Transfer Protocol)
53
Stateless
server maintaining no information about past client requests (HTTP) nothing is stored
54
stateful
keeps track of the state of network connections
55
Persistence
all packets on single connection.
56
Conditional get
don’t send object if the cache has up-to-date cached version. No object transmission delay.
57
SMTP
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. internet standard for email.
58
MIME
multipurpose internet mail extension. (email with a Word attachment)
59
POP3
Post Office Protocol version 3. simple mail access protocol.
60
IMAP
Internet Mail Access Protocol. more complex, many features, will associate each message with a folder (INBOX)
61
Root DNS
contain the IP addressed of the top level domain.
62
TLD
(Top Level Domain) .com, .edu, .org.
63
Authoritative DNS
houses the publicly accessible DNS records that map the names of those hosts to IP addresses.
64
Query flooding
method to search for a resource on a P2P network. simple but scales poorly.
65
Well known ports
80: HTTP; | 20-21: FTP
66
API
Application Programming Interface. | Figure 2.3 in book. socket is the interface between the application layer and the transport layer within a host.
67
TCP
has the client and server exchange transport layer control information.
68
UDP
User Datagram Protocol. connectionless transmission model with a minimum of protocol mechanism.

MIST 355 (5 decks)

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