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MIST 355 > Exam 1 key terms > Flashcards

Exam 1 key terms Flashcards

1
Q

Host

A

end systems (client/server).

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2
Q

Communication links

A

fiber, copper, radio, satellite.

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3
Q

Packet switches

A

forward packets (chunks of data)

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4
Q

Transmission rate

A

the rate at which data is moved across a communication channel.

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5
Q

Packets

A

unit of data that is routed between an origin and a destination on the internet or any other packet-switched network.

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6
Q

Routers

A

typically used in network core, forward packets toward their ultimate destination.

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7
Q

Link layer switches

A

similar to routers, used in access networks.

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8
Q

ISP

A

(Internet Service Provider) provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the internet (cable, telephone)

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9
Q

Protocol

A

control the sending and receiving of information within the internet.

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10
Q

TCP

A

(Transmission Control Protocol) enables two hosts to establish a connection and exchange streams of data. Guarantees all packets will be there.

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11
Q

IP

A

(Internet Protocol) Data is sent from one computer to another on the internet. Specifies the format of the packets that are sent and received among routers and end systems.

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12
Q

RFC

A

(Request for Comments) resolve network and protocol design problems that faced the precursor to the internet.

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13
Q

Intranet

A

network based on TCP/IP protocols. Belonging to an organization (private).

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14
Q

Distributed apps

A

involve multiple end systems that exchange data with each other. Email, web surfing, IM, social networks.

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15
Q

API

A

(Application Programming Interface) specifies how a program running on one end system asks the internet infrastructure to deliver data to a specific destination program running on another end system.

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16
Q

Client

A

desktop, mobile PC’s, smartphones.

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17
Q

Server

A

more powerful machines.

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18
Q

Edge router

A

forwards packets to computer hosts within a network

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19
Q

DSL

A

(Digital Subscriber Line) broadband internet, local telephone provider (comcast).

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20
Q

HFC

A

(Hybrid Fiber Coax) combines optical fiber and coaxial cable.

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21
Q

Cable modem

A

external device and connects to the home PC through an ethernet port.

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22
Q

Wireless LAN

A

(Local Area Network) wireless users transmit/receive packets to/from an access point that is connected into the enterprise’s network, which in turn is connected to the wired internet.

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23
Q

Wide Area Access networks

A

3G/4G LTE

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24
Q

Guided and unguided media

A

fiber optic = guided; radio = unguided

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25
Q

LEO satellites

A

(Low Earth Orbiting) closer to earth and do not remain in one spot. Rotate like the moon. Provide continuous coverage to an area.

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26
Q

Circuit

A

what the connection is called

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27
Q

TDM

A

Time-division Multiplexing. Time is divided into frames of fixed duration, and each frame is divided into a fixed number of time slots

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28
Q

FDM

A

Frequency-Division Multiplexing. Divided up among the connections established across the link.

29
Q

Store and forward transmission

A

means that the packet switch must receive the entire packet before it can begin to transmit the first bit of the packet onto the outbound link.

30
Q

Output buffer or queue

A

stores packets that the router is about to send into that link. Key role in packet switching.

31
Q

Packet loss

A

due to finite buffer space. Either the arriving packet or one of the already queued packets will be dropped.

32
Q

Statistical multiplexing

A

communication channel is divided into an arbitrary number of variable bit-rate digital channels or data streams.

33
Q

Tier 1 ISP

A

similar to our “imaginary” global transit ISP. These actually exist in every city in the world. (AT&T, Sprint, NTT)

34
Q

Nodal processing delay

A

time it takes to process a packet in a network node (router, switch, hub), which is depended on the speed of the device and congestion in the network.

35
Q

Queuing delay

A

packets waiting to be transmitted onto the link. Depends on the number of earlier arriving packets that are queued and waiting for transmission.

36
Q

Transmission delay

A

L/R. The amount of time required to transmit all of the packet’s bits into the link.

37
Q

Propagation delay

A

the time required to propagate from the beginning of the link to router B. (slow youtube video)

38
Q

Datagram

A

network-layer packets

39
Q

Denial of service attack

A

(DoS) renders a network, host, or other piece of infrastructure unusable by legitimate users.

40
Q

Distributed DOS

A

(DDoS) attacker controls multiple sources and has each source blast traffic at the target.

41
Q

Forwarding table

A

maps destination addresses to that router’s outbound links.

42
Q

Peer

A

user. Intermittently connected hosts. P2P.

43
Q

Client

A

communicate with server. may be intermittently connected, may have dynamic IP addresses, do not communicate directly with each other.

44
Q

Server

A

“always on” host. Permanent IP address. Data centers for scaling.

45
Q

Client server architecture

A

there is an “always on” host (server) which services requests from many other hosts (clients).

46
Q

Application architecture

A

designed by the application developer and dictates how the application is structured over the various end systems.

47
Q

P2P architecture

A

minimal (or no) reliance on dedicated servers in data centers. Exploits direct communication between “peers”

48
Q

Reliable data transfer

A

guaranteed data delivery service. Transport Protocol. ie. file transfer, web transactions.

49
Q

Loss tolerant applications

A

some of the data sent by the sending process may never arrive at the receiving process.

50
Q

Throughput

A

rate of production. Rate at which something can be processed.

51
Q

Port number

A

located in the header. arrives at server. web server port 80.

52
Q

HTTP

A

(HyperText Transfer Protocol)

53
Q

Stateless

A

server maintaining no information about past client requests (HTTP) nothing is stored

54
Q

stateful

A

keeps track of the state of network connections

55
Q

Persistence

A

all packets on single connection.

56
Q

Conditional get

A

don’t send object if the cache has up-to-date cached version. No object transmission delay.

57
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. internet standard for email.

58
Q

MIME

A

multipurpose internet mail extension. (email with a Word attachment)

59
Q

POP3

A

Post Office Protocol version 3. simple mail access protocol.

60
Q

IMAP

A

Internet Mail Access Protocol. more complex, many features, will associate each message with a folder (INBOX)

61
Q

Root DNS

A

contain the IP addressed of the top level domain.

62
Q

TLD

A

(Top Level Domain) .com, .edu, .org.

63
Q

Authoritative DNS

A

houses the publicly accessible DNS records that map the names of those hosts to IP addresses.

64
Q

Query flooding

A

method to search for a resource on a P2P network. simple but scales poorly.

65
Q

Well known ports

A

80: HTTP;

20-21: FTP

66
Q

API

A

Application Programming Interface.

Figure 2.3 in book. socket is the interface between the application layer and the transport layer within a host.

67
Q

TCP

A

has the client and server exchange transport layer control information.

68
Q

UDP

A

User Datagram Protocol. connectionless transmission model with a minimum of protocol mechanism.

MIST 355 (5 decks)

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