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PHA 351 - Foundations of Public Health > Exam 1 - Introduction to Epidemiology > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Introduction to Epidemiology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four main parts of the Public Health Approach.

A

1) Surveillance
2) Risk Factor Identification
3) Intervention Evaluation
4) Implementation

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2
Q

Name the public health core sciences (5).

A

1) Prevention effectiveness
2) Epidemiology
3) Laboratory
4) Informatics
5) Surveillance

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3
Q

How is epidemiology defined?

A

As the study of the DISTRIBUTION and DETERMINANTS of health-related states among SPECIFIED POPULATIONS and the APPLICATION of that study to the control of health problems

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4
Q

Epidemiology examines ______, ______, and _____ of disease outbreaks.

A

Epidemiology examines INCIDENCE, FREQUENCY, and PREVALENCE of disease outbreaks.

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5
Q

____ is the rate of NEW cases.

A

INCIDENCE is the rate of NEW cases.

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6
Q

____ is the rate of EXISTING cases.

A

PREVALENCE is the rate of EXISTING CASES.

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7
Q

What does epidemiology study?

A

The interrelationship between the HOST, AGENT, and ENVIRONMENT.

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8
Q

Host = ?

A

Organism

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9
Q

Agent = ?

A

Cause

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10
Q

Environment = ?

A

External factors

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11
Q

Epidemiology has a focus on characteristics of what?

A

TIME, PLACE, and PEOPLE

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12
Q

T/F: One purpose of epidemiology is to determine the relative importance of causes of illness, disability, and death.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

T/F: One purpose of epidemiology is to identify those segments of the population that have the greatest risk from specific causes of ill health.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

Define epidemic.

A

Disease occurrence among a population that is in EXCESS OF WHAT IS EXPECTED in a given time and place

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15
Q

What is the term for disease or condition present among a population at all times?

A

ENDEMIC

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16
Q

What is the term for a disease or condition that spreads across regions?

A

PANDEMIC

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17
Q

What is the term for disease or occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place?

A

EPIDEMIC

18
Q

Name the first 4 major steps of solving health problems.

A

1) Data collection
2) Assessment
3) Hypothesis testing
4) Action

19
Q

What does step 1 of solving health problems involve?

A

Surveillance

Determine time, place, and person

20
Q

What does step 2 of solving health problems involve?

A

Inference

21
Q

What does step 3 of solving health problems involve?

A

Determine how and why

22
Q

What does step 4 of solving health problems involve?

A

Intervention

23
Q

Name the 2 epidemiology study types.

A

1) Experimental

2) Observational

24
Q

Name the sub-types of observational epidemiology study type.

A

1) Descriptive

2) Analytic

25
Q

What are the two types of epidemiology study types?

A

1) Experimental

2) Observational

26
Q

What questions do experimental epidemiology study types seek to answer?

A
  • When
  • Where
  • Who
27
Q

What questions do observational epidemiology study types seek to answer?

A
  • How

- Why

28
Q

T/F: Descriptive leads to analytical.

A

TRUE

29
Q

In a ___-____ study, subjects are selected because they are members of a certain population subset at a certain time.

A

In a CROSS-SECTIONAL study, subjects are selected because they are members of a certain population subset at a certain time.

30
Q

T/F: A cross-sectional study defines the TARGET POPULATION.

A

TRUE

31
Q

T/F: In a cross-sectional study, participants are selected for their specific disease or exposure.

A

FALSE

-Participants are selected regardless of their exposure or disease status

32
Q

What is the name of the study in which subjects are categorized on the basis of their exposure to one or more risk factors?

A

COHORT STUDY

33
Q

List the important features of a cohort study.

A
  • Following two groups over time
  • Compare outcomes
  • Exposure matters
34
Q

What is the name of the study in which subjects are identified as having a disease or condition and are compared with subjects without the same disease or condition?

A

CASE-CONTROL STUDY

35
Q

Name the study type: A study of heart disease comparing a group who eats healthy foods and exercises regularly with one who does not in an effort to test association.

A

Analytic

36
Q

Name the study type: A study to describe the eating habits of adolescents aged 13-18 years in community X.

A

Descriptive

37
Q

Name the study type: An epidemiologist is doing a study on the sleep patterns of college students but does not provide any intervention.

A

Observational

38
Q

Name the study type: Subjects with diabetes are compared with subjects without diabetes.

A

Case-control

39
Q

Name the study type: A study of women aged 50-60 years in a community located close to a nuclear power facility.

A

Cohort

40
Q

Name the study type: Subjects who have received nutritional counseling and who have exercised twice a week are compared with subjects who have not.

A

Cross-sectional

PHA 351 - Foundations of Public Health (3 decks)

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