Exam 1--Introduction Flashcards
What is the focus of pharmaceutics II?
The design and development of various SAFE and STABLE dosage forms or drug delivery systems.
When a patient receives a medication, what is always done?
It is always administered through a dosage form or a drug delivery system.
What type of relationship is shown by a zero order process?
Non-linear.
What type of relationship is shown by a first order process?
Linear
What determines the expiration date of a drug?
The physical-chemical stability of the drug.
What is the most common expiration date?
2 years
What does flow depend on? What dosage form is it important in?
- Viscosity
* Important in liquid dosage forms
What are some examples of surface phenomenon?
- adsorption
- hygroscopicity
- surface tension
- interfacial tension
What are some examples of colligative properties?
- vapor pressure
- freezing point
- osmotic pressure
(role in isotonic solutions, calculation of osmolarity, and mEq)
What is considered to be a conventional solid dosage form?
- tablets that are immediate release (IR).
- powder as a dosage form
- hard and soft gelatin capsules
What two categories are solid dosage forms divided into?
- conventional solid dosage forms
* modified release or controlled release dosage forms
Describe a solution.
One phase, liquid, clear, and transparent.
Describe a suspension.
Two phases, powder is dispersed uniformly into a liquid medium.
Describe an emulsion.
Two phases (oil phase and aqueous phase), dispersed uniformly.
If you have a dosage form that contains an aqueous phase, what should you consider adding to it and why?
- preservatives
* without it, the dosage form can contain bacteria
What are semi-solid dosage forms?
They are between liquid and solid states.
Why are semi-solid dosage forms used? Where are they used?
- applied topically
* have local and systemic effects
What is included in semi-solid dosage forms?
- lotions
- ointments
- creams
- paste
- suppositories
- transdermal patches
- injectable
- inhalers/aerosols
List the viscosity of the following from most viscous to least viscous.
Cream, paste, ointment, lotion.
- paste (highest percentage of active ingredient)
- cream
- ointment
- lotion
What is special about transdermal dosage form packaging?
It lists the strength versus time (mg/hour)
What does USP mean?
United States Pharmacopeia
What will influence the lipophilicity of a therapeutic agent?
- molecular weight
* substituent groups
What can be used to improve the aqueous solubility of a drug?
- use of a co-solvent
- prepare as a suitable salt
- adjust the pH of a solution
What type of drug is available as sodium and potassium salts, and is more soluble at a higher pH?
Weak acidic drugs
What type of drug is available in an unionized form at low pH, making it better absorbed at the region of low pH?
Weak acidic drugs
What type of drug is losartan potassium, penicillin VK, and aspirin?
Weak acidic drugs
