Exam 1 - Introduction Flashcards
What is the definition Psychology?
The Study of thoughts, feelings, and behavior.
What is the definition of mind?
Unobservable thoughts and feelings
What is the definition of behavior?
observable actions
What is Philosophical Nativism?
The view that some knowledge is innate rather than acquired.
Ex: Human beings must be born with some basic knowledge of the world that allows them to acquire additional knowledge of the world
What is Philosophical Empiricism?
The view that all knowledge is acquired through experience
Ex: A newborn child is a “blank slate” upon which experience writes its story
What is Consciousness?
a person’s subjective experience of the world and the mind.
What is Unconscious?
the part of the mind that contains information of which people are not aware.
What is Introspection?
the analysis of subjective experience by trained observers.
What is Structuralism?
an approach to psychology that attempted to isolate and analyze the minds basic elements.
What is Functionalism?
an approach to psychology that emphasized the adaptive significance of mental processes.
What are Basic Psychologists?
conduct research to learn how mind and behavior work (Developmental psychology, social psychology)
What are Applied Psychologists?
use research to help solve to real world problems (environmental psychology, health psychology)
What are Licensed Psychologist?
obtain state licenses to deliver mental health services. (Clinical psychology, counseling psychology)
What is Clinical psychology?
focuses on the study, diagnosis, and treatment of (serious) psychological disorders.
What is Cognitive Psychology?
the study of human information-processing.
What is counseling psychology?
Focuses primarily on (normal, everyday) educational, social and career challenges.
What is developmental psychology?
focuses on how people grow and change from conception to death.
What is Environmental psychology?
studies the links between people and their physical surroundings (natural or built)
What is health psychology?
examines the connection between psychological factors and physical ailments.
What is social psychology?
focuses on the causes and effects of social group membership
What are Perspectives?
broad philosophical understandings that people have about mind and behavior.
What are the seven perspectives of psychology?
psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, cognitive, biological, evolutionary, sociocultural
What is a Psychoanalytic?
behavior by focusing on unconscious psychological conflicts between instincts and social norms.
What is a Behaviorist?
behavior by emphasizing what a person has learned in their environment
What is Sociocultural?
focuses on social group membership as a source of mental processes and behaviors.
What is Biological?
behavior in terms of bodily systems and processes.
What is Cognitive?
behavior examining mental processes (perception, thought, memory)
What is Humanistic?
explains behavior by stressing the decisions people make based on their perceptions of the world.
What is Evolutionary?
behavior in terms of its adaptive value as preserved over time through natural selection.
What is a Stimulus?
any agent, event, or situation (internal or external) that elicits a response from an organism.
What is a Response?
how the organism reacts to a stimulus and results in the change in behavior.
What is Natural Selection?
The process by which the specific attributes that promote an organism’s survival and reproduction become more prevalent in the population over time.
What is Individual Natural Selection?
Individual genes are passed to the next generation.
What is Group Natural Selection?
ideas are passed to the next generation.
What is Multilevel Natural Selection?
genes and/or ideas are passed to the next generation.
