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Parasitology I > Exam 1: intro to arthropods > Flashcards

Exam 1: intro to arthropods Flashcards

1
Q

subphylum chelicerata includes what class

A

class arachnida (ticks and mites)

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2
Q

subphylum atelocerata includes what classes

A

class insecta and class myriapoda—no vet importance

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3
Q

what is the largest phylum in the animal kingdom

A

phylum arthropoda

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4
Q

phylum arthropoda characteristics

A

externally segmented, has exoskeletons that are periodically shed
open circulatory system
majority undergo metamorphosis
can be beneficial and non-beneficial

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5
Q

terrestrial habitat

A

entire life cycle on land

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6
Q

aquatic habitat

A

entire life cycle in water

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7
Q

teresterial and aquatic habitat

A

immature in water, and adult on land

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8
Q

what is metamorphosis

A

a change in the form and often habits of an animal during normal development after the embryonic stage

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9
Q

holometabolous

A

(complete) habitats and food source is different for young and adults

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10
Q

holometabolous immature develop from simple ____ to mostly ____ adults

A

wingless to winged

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11
Q

what are the developmental stages of holometabolous in order

A

egg, larva, pupa, and adult

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12
Q

hemimetabolous

A

(incomplete) immature stage resembles miniature adults; young and adult share habitats and resources

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13
Q

what are the developmental stages of hemimetabolous in order

A

egg, larva, nymph, and adult

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14
Q

what is at the center of the veterinary and medical importance of arthropods

A

ability to find the food source

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15
Q

to locate the host, arthropods activate, locate, and orient _____

A

NEUROSENSORY SYSTEMS

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16
Q

HOW IS UNDERSTANDING HOW A PARTICULAR ARTHROPOD LOCATES BENEFICIAL?

A

CAN LEAD TO DEVELOPMENT OF PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES

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17
Q

How do arthropods accomplish host location?

A

nest dueling
intermediate host location
long distance host location

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18
Q

what are cues used in host finding

A 
visual
body odor
CO2
water vapor from breath
lactic acid
 oxidation products
butanol (bacteria product in ruminants)
heat source
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19
Q

morphological adaptation: body shape

A

allows arthropod movement while on the vertebrate host and enable them to hide in tight spaces when off the host

20
Q

arthropod body shapes are either ___ or ____

A 
dorsal-ventrally flattend (majority)
laterally flattened (fleas)
21
Q

mouthparts are either

A

chewing, piercing and sucking, sucking

22
Q

immunosuppression of defenses

A

allows arthropods to avoid detrimental effects of the vertebrate host defense

23
Q

blood meal feeding and digestion

A

through successfuL blood meal, arthropods acquire and transmit disease agents, acquire nutrients for reproduction

24
Q

How do arthropods obtain blood

A

telmophagy (pool feeding) and solenophagy (directly from blood vessel)

25
Q

water balance in athropods

A

host blood is 80% water and blood feeders have ways to eliminate excess, without which arthropod fitness will reduce

26
Q

hots range adaptation

A

arthropods interact with a specific range of animals

27
Q

how can arthropods affect animal and human health

A

directly or indirectly

28
Q

a majority of arthropods have which kind of effect (direct or indirect)

A

both

29
Q

what is vertical transmission of disease

A

arthropod to arthropod

30
Q

what is transmission passed between arthropod developmental stages

A

transstadial

31
Q

what is transmission from mother to offspring

A

transgenerational or transovarial transmission

32
Q

what is male to female transmission

A

venereal transmission

33
Q

how do the males become infected

A

via transovarial transmission

34
Q

how do the females pass on the infection

A

transovarial

35
Q

ingestion of infected arthropods

A

co-feeding arthropods?

36
Q

what is horizontal transmissioin

A

transmission of disease agents from arthropods to vertebrates

37
Q

horizontal transmission through infectious bites is called

A

anterior station (majority of agents)

38
Q

horizontal transmission through fecal contamination

A

posterior station

39
Q

horizontal transmission is said to be either

A

mechanical transmission or biological transmission

40
Q

mechanical transmission

A

pathogen does not need the mechanical arthropod vector for its continued cycling or maintenance in nature (pink eye)

41
Q

biological transmission

A

cycling or maintenance of the transmitted disease agent requires a step in the arthropod vector

42
Q

what are the types of biological transmission

A

multiplicative transmission
developmental transmission
cyclodevelopmental transmission

43
Q

multiplicative transmission

A

pathogen multiplies within the vector, but does not change form (mostly bacteria and arboviruses)

44
Q

developmental transmission

A

pathogen develops and changes form in the vector but does not multiply

45
Q

cyclodevelopmental transmission

A

pathogen develops, changes form, and increase in number in the arthropod vector

Parasitology I (3 decks)

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