Exam 1 - Intro, Anat/Phys of Respiratory System Flashcards
Systems involved in Speech Production
Respiratory, Phonatory, Resonatory, Articulatory,
Nervous system
PNS & CNS
~Ideation
~Initiation
~Execution
~Coordination
- cognition/thinking
- language
- control center for speech movements
Difference between PNS & CNS
CNS: brain and spinal cord (creator of messages)
PNS: Nerves to and from muscles and skin (sends the messages)
Respiratory System Function
Breathing, inhalation, and exhalation
Parts of the Respiratory system
thorax and lungs, nasal passageway, pharynx (throat), trachea, bronchi
Parts of the Phonatory System
Voice, generates the sounds that make up speech, larynx
Phonatory System
- VFs vibrate due to the power (air pressures and flows) made by the respiratory system
- VFs vibrate a number of different ways
- Voice
- generates the sounds that make up speech
- Larynx = cartilages
Articulatory & Resonatory System Function
~Speech sounds
~Shapes or filters the sound made by the VFs to make the final product
Anterior
front
posterior
back
coronal (frontal) plane
down front and back of head
sagittal plane
right to left or right to left (side to side) aka medial
superior
up
inferior
below
contrlateral
other side (left side of brain controls right side of body)
ventral
toward belly
dorsal
toward back
rastral
towards the head
caudal
toward the tail
Pharynx
throat
nasal cavity
behind nose
oral cavity
mouth
Organ System:
group of related organs that work together to perform a specific function
Organs:
collection of tissue that performs a certain function
Types of Tissues:
~Epithelial
~Connective Tissue
~Muscle Tissue
~Nervous Tissue
Epithelial Tissue:
Outer layer of mucous membranes and cells of the skin; intracellular matrix
Form of Epithelial:
~Squamous - scale-like; VFs
~Cuboidal - secretion
~Columnar
Epithelial Tissue Organization
Simple - single layer
Stratified - multiple layers; VFs
Pseuodostratified - single layer that looks stratified
Hair
~Ciliated
~Non-ciliated
Connective Tissue
Connects other tissues
Supports intercellular matrices
Includes fibrous tissue, collagen, elastin, bone, and blood
Types of Connective Tissue:
~Loose
~Dense
~Special `
Connective Tissue
Loose *not as important for us
ex: adipose
Dense connective tissue
- tendons
- ligaments
- fascia
- fibers
Tendons
Dense connective Tissue -
Connect:
muscle to bone, muscle to cartilage, and muscle to muscle
Ligaments
Dense connective tissue -
Connect:
bone to bone, bone to cartilage, and cartilage to cartilage
Ligaments support…
joints by binding structures together; prevent damage by limiting certain movements (ex: overextension of arm)
Fascia
Sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue; sheet-like membrane
Fibers..
dense connective tissue
~elastin fibers - very elastic, responsible for recoil/restoring forces in some tissue
~Collagen fibers - somewhat flexible but still stiff
Special Connective Tissue:
Bone -
main component of the skeletal system; rigid support structure; least flexible structure in body
Cartilage -
flexible or shock absorbing tissue that provides surface for articulation of bone or another cartilage (ex: intervertebral discs, larynx)
Cartilage Types:
Fibrocartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs
Hyaline cartilage
most of the larynx (ossification)
Elastic Cartilage
epiglottis, outer ear, eustachian tube
Lymphoid
special connective tissue
- part of immune system (tonsils, adenoids, lymphatic nodes
Blood
Special connective tissue
-fluid connective tissue, least rigid connective tissue
Muscle tissue
- Skeletal (voluntary) Muscles
- Smooth (involuntary) muscles
- Cardiac (Involuntary) muscles
Skeletal (voluntary) muscles
muscles that move skeleton, attached to bones via tendons
Smooth (involuntary) muscles
internal organs, gut
Cardiac (involuntary muscles
Heart only
Nervous Tissue
tissue that communicated (with other tissue, like muscles to move)
Respiration
~Breathing
~An exchange of gas (O2 &CO2)
~Inspiration is active - only can bring air in by using muscles
~Expiration/Exhalation - Partially active and partially passive
All materials that fills the space in the body is _________ tissue
Connective; muscle, bone, collagen
Elastin
Compression strength
~Ear Cartilage
~Recoil
~when force applied (like a slinky)
When the rib cage is elevated, the ______ of the rib cage is distorted
Cartilage
When the rib cage elevates, the _____ of the rib cage increases.
Volume
What are the two dimensions of the thorax to increase the volume?
Transverse Dimension (raise ribs to create more volume) Vertical Dimension (increases volume of the rib cage (being pulled down with diaphragm when it contracts)
Anterior and Posterior attachments of the diaphragm
Sternal diaphragm attachment - anteriorly
Costal attachment - posteriorly
