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History of Music > Exam #1 Information > Flashcards

Exam #1 Information Flashcards

1
Q

What is the order of time line of music in history?

A
  1. Egyptian/Greek
  2. Plainsong (monophony)
  3. Parallel organum
  4. Medieval Secular
  5. Reinaissance (motet + madrigal)
  6. Opera (Camerata)
  7. Baroque
  8. Classical
  9. Romantic
  10. Impressionism
  11. Ragtime
  12. Atonal/Electronic
  13. New Orleans Jazz
  14. Swing/Bebop
  15. Rock N’ Roll
  16. Rock, funk, reggae, EDM
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2
Q

Who flattened the 3rd note of the scale and changed the scale of all music? (Undefined 3rd = E or Eb)

A

Slavery - black and scottish

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3
Q

In 1619 what changed music forever?

A

Slavery

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4
Q

What are the 3 elements to music?

A
  1. Melody 2. Harmony 3. Rhythm
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5
Q

What type of music has no melody?

A

Hip hop

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6
Q

Give an example of parallel organum

A

monks chanting

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7
Q

Time line of music in America

A
  1. Colonial (hymns + dance tunes)
  2. Plantation Hollers (monophonic + flattened 3rd)
  3. Classical Music/popular song
  4. Gospel/March
  5. Ragtime
  6. Blues/Appalachian
  7. Ives/Atonal
  8. New Orleans Jazz
  9. Swing
  10. Rock N’ Roll
  11. Rock, Funk, reggae, EDM
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8
Q

What beat does the music fall on in reggae music?

A

Beats fall only on the 3rd beat

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9
Q

Is music written down in Egyptian times?

A

no - so we have no idea how music sounded or was put together

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10
Q

If flutes have 5 holes in Egyptian music, what scale do they use?

A

The pentatonic scale

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11
Q

What is the hydraulis?

A

An early type of pipe organ driven by water power

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12
Q

In early music, it could either be religious music OR…

A

Secular music - but this was banned by the church for a long time

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13
Q

Who began to write music down in the beginning times (egyptian times) because they were slaves?

A

Jews (Hebrews)

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14
Q

What is a schofar?

A

Animals horn with two tones (reminds me of an elephant)

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15
Q

Who is attributed to having written the psalms?

A

King David - Very musical, songs of praise, no written music - passed orally

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16
Q

what kind of instruments did the egyptians use?

A

Trumpets, Lyres, and brass symbols

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17
Q

How is greek music passed down?

A

Songs of the bards passed down b/c there is no written language or literacy

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18
Q

Who invented the 7 string Lyre (small harp) ?

A

Hermes - the messenger God

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19
Q

What is the beginning of music? (girls)

A

Muses

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20
Q

In greek music how many beats are usually in a measure?

A

5 beats in a measure

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21
Q

In 5th century BC in Athens what were the parties called that were held and what happened there?

A

Symposium - it’s a banquet where there is much drinking, conversation and music with FLUTE GIRLS

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22
Q

What is an Aulos?

A

A recorder with double reeds, simliar to oboe

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23
Q

What is a Kithara?

A

A large version of a lyre (harp) (strings)

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24
Q

hen you cut the string in half what do you do to the pitch?

A

Raise it one octive

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25
Q

Who invented music theory and showed a musical relationship of notes?

A

Pathagorus

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26
Q

What is the Doctrine of Ethos?

A

Rooted in pathagreon theorum, music is a force w. a moral quality that affects and is affected by the environment (music has a soul) , music REFLECTS feelings of the soul.

Passion of music —-> Passion in soul

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27
Q

In Athens, what is held in March every year around 500 BC

A

A fertility festival - plays were also held during this time which represented Theatre in ancient times

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28
Q

What is Dithyramb?

A

Ancient Greek Poetry

EX) The mighty master smiled to see
That love was in the next degree;
'T was but a kindred sound to move,
For pity melts the mind to love.
    Softly sweet, in Lydian measures,
    Soon he soothed his soul to pleasures.
"War," he sung, "is toil and trouble;
Honour, but an empty bubble;
    Never ending, still beginning,
Fighting still, and still destroying:
     If the world be worth thy winning,
Think, O think it worth enjoying.
    Lovely Thais sits beside thee,
    Take the good the gods provide thee."
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29
Q

What were the themes in greek theatre?

A

Personified stories, violence, social and ethical problems, war, lust, ect..

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30
Q

What are the 3 types of ancient greek plays?

A
  1. tragedy (SAD) 2. comedy (FUNNY) 3. Satyr Plays (Taught moral lessons)
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31
Q

There are 3 parts to greek theatre?

A
  1. Skene - stage area
  2. Orchestra - in front - chorus - actors
  3. Koilon - where people sit
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32
Q

What era is the panpipe, finger symbols, clappers from?

A

Greek era

33
Q

What is parakataloge?

A

percussion, back up music with poetry that is rapped

34
Q

Who is Boethius?

A

Wrote a book called the principles of music, key to understanding medieval music

35
Q

Who kept education going in churches and monestaries in the dark ages?

A

Monks

36
Q

What is the musical called that was the foundation of music for the entire civilization?

A

Hymns

37
Q

What did Pope Gregory “Gregory the Great” do for music?

A

He set up the SCHOLA CANTORUM (Singing School), for the proper instruction of music

He taught the boys himself

  • Gregorian chants AKA plainsong
    - monophonic; 1 line melody
    - syllabic; one syllable per note
38
Q

define Melismatic

A

embellishing of the endings aka riffing

39
Q

define Trope

A

adding a melody above the chant

40
Q

define Neumes

A

little markings above the lyrics that tell people to sing higher or lower, early notation didn’t help members who didn’t already know the melody

41
Q

define Musica Enchiriadis

A

Talks about music and how it should be notated; 19 chapters ; 1-9 plainchant; 10-19 polyphonic music (harmony)

42
Q

Who is Guido D’ Arrezo

A
  • Monk in Italy
  • takes NUEMES and invents a staff and notes with no key signature or rhythm
  • He invents sol fege (do, re, mi, fa, so, la)
  • Guido’s hand
43
Q

What is the first form of conducting?

A

Guido’s hand

44
Q

define Organum

A

harmony built on top usually in perfect 4ths or 5ths

45
Q

define Converging Parallel Organum

A

Two voices begin on a unison pitch then while one voice remains stationary the other voice moves until an interval of a 4th is reached. Both voices then move in parallel motion, converging back to a unison pitch at the end of each phrase.

46
Q

define Conductus

A

A piece of music inserted into the mass, for the people performing the tasks can get from one spot to the next aka Travel music/Scene change music

47
Q

define Goliards

A

Latin; wandering cleric

  1. Leader is a mythical Bishop
  2. Piety was in question
  3. Earthy/Immoral
  4. Philosophy was Hedonistic
  5. Bring mythology to all parts of Europe for centuries the church tolerates these people
48
Q

Burlesque

A

Annual Festival of the Ass

49
Q

Feast of Fools

A

Annual event, goliards dance dressed as woman, weird man, play dice on altar, run and leap through church, mooning

50
Q

Fabliaux

A

Comic tales in verse full of mockery

51
Q

Troubodours hired….

A

Jonglours who sang to the troubodours lovers underneath their windows

52
Q

Jongleurs is from the root word..

A

Juggler

53
Q

Estampies

A

Most popular form of music played by Jongleurs

54
Q

Herolds

A

They were on the battlefield; be able to identify the dead and blasted horns at the beginning of battle

55
Q

Adam de la Halle

A

He invented the first play. “The play of Robin and Marian.”

56
Q

What is the first round created?

A

Sumer is icumen

57
Q

melismatic organum

A

this type of polyphony uses a Gregorian chant as a tenor in long, held out notes above which another melody is added w/ many notes against each tenor note

58
Q

free organum

A

advanced style that makes use of melodic independence and contrary motion in the voice parts

59
Q

Crumhorn, rebec, shawm, sacbut(trombone), viol, rackett, hurdygurdy(bagpipe), pipe and tabor, the lute(guitar w/ 12 strings)

A

Medieval instruments

60
Q

Philip de Vitry

A

Ars Noba - New art

Reinaissance

61
Q

isorhythmic

A

for the first time a composer repeats a rhythm

62
Q

Who is the first celebrity composer?

A

Guillaume de Machaut

  • Virelei Music
  • Leading composer of Ars Nova
  • Wrote music and lyrics to his own music
63
Q

3 types of secular music

A

Madrigal, caccia, ballator

64
Q

Madrigal

A

A vocal composition for 2 voices singing the same lyrics usually doubled by instruments

65
Q

Caccia

A

2 voice canon/round with a fast moving pace

66
Q

Ballator

A

A song that’s sung to dancing

67
Q

Francesco Landini

A

A blind celebrity composer who wrote Ballator music

68
Q

BAS

A

Low - QUIET volume of instrument

EX) Viols, lutes, flutes

69
Q

HAUT

A

High - LOUD volume of instrument

EX) Horns

70
Q

Clavichord

A

extremely quite instrument in which the hammer strikes the string

71
Q

Harpsichord

A

harp inside, plucks the string

72
Q

Burgundy

A

All of W. Europe besides Italy

73
Q

Guillame Du Fay

A

wrote sacred music with popular tunes Motet example

74
Q

What does renaissance mean

A

Rebirth

75
Q

Josquin des pres was from what time period

A

Renaissance

76
Q

What country doesn’t have a renaissance

A

england

  • magna carta
  • quality of music
  • Henry VIII composed what child is this
77
Q

chapel royal was created by what king and what was it

A

King Henry 8th

32 male singers and 12 boy singers that go with him everywhere - this still exists for the king today

78
Q

During what time period was the mass translated from latin to english?

A

Renaissance

History of Music (1 decks)

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