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History of Music > Exam #1 Information > Flashcards

Exam #1 Information Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the order of time line of music in history?

A
  1. Egyptian/Greek
  2. Plainsong (monophony)
  3. Parallel organum
  4. Medieval Secular
  5. Reinaissance (motet + madrigal)
  6. Opera (Camerata)
  7. Baroque
  8. Classical
  9. Romantic
  10. Impressionism
  11. Ragtime
  12. Atonal/Electronic
  13. New Orleans Jazz
  14. Swing/Bebop
  15. Rock N’ Roll
  16. Rock, funk, reggae, EDM
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2
Q

Who flattened the 3rd note of the scale and changed the scale of all music? (Undefined 3rd = E or Eb)

A

Slavery - black and scottish

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3
Q

In 1619 what changed music forever?

A

Slavery

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4
Q

What are the 3 elements to music?

A
  1. Melody 2. Harmony 3. Rhythm
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5
Q

What type of music has no melody?

A

Hip hop

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6
Q

Give an example of parallel organum

A

monks chanting

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7
Q

Time line of music in America

A
  1. Colonial (hymns + dance tunes)
  2. Plantation Hollers (monophonic + flattened 3rd)
  3. Classical Music/popular song
  4. Gospel/March
  5. Ragtime
  6. Blues/Appalachian
  7. Ives/Atonal
  8. New Orleans Jazz
  9. Swing
  10. Rock N’ Roll
  11. Rock, Funk, reggae, EDM
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8
Q

What beat does the music fall on in reggae music?

A

Beats fall only on the 3rd beat

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9
Q

Is music written down in Egyptian times?

A

no - so we have no idea how music sounded or was put together

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10
Q

If flutes have 5 holes in Egyptian music, what scale do they use?

A

The pentatonic scale

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11
Q

What is the hydraulis?

A

An early type of pipe organ driven by water power

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12
Q

In early music, it could either be religious music OR…

A

Secular music - but this was banned by the church for a long time

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13
Q

Who began to write music down in the beginning times (egyptian times) because they were slaves?

A

Jews (Hebrews)

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14
Q

What is a schofar?

A

Animals horn with two tones (reminds me of an elephant)

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15
Q

Who is attributed to having written the psalms?

A

King David - Very musical, songs of praise, no written music - passed orally

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16
Q

what kind of instruments did the egyptians use?

A

Trumpets, Lyres, and brass symbols

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17
Q

How is greek music passed down?

A

Songs of the bards passed down b/c there is no written language or literacy

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18
Q

Who invented the 7 string Lyre (small harp) ?

A

Hermes - the messenger God

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19
Q

What is the beginning of music? (girls)

A

Muses

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20
Q

In greek music how many beats are usually in a measure?

A

5 beats in a measure

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21
Q

In 5th century BC in Athens what were the parties called that were held and what happened there?

A

Symposium - it’s a banquet where there is much drinking, conversation and music with FLUTE GIRLS

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22
Q

What is an Aulos?

A

A recorder with double reeds, simliar to oboe

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23
Q

What is a Kithara?

A

A large version of a lyre (harp) (strings)

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24
Q

hen you cut the string in half what do you do to the pitch?

A

Raise it one octive

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25
Who invented music theory and showed a musical relationship of notes?
Pathagorus
26
What is the Doctrine of Ethos?
Rooted in pathagreon theorum, music is a force w. a moral quality that affects and is affected by the environment (music has a soul) , music REFLECTS feelings of the soul. Passion of music ----> Passion in soul
27
In Athens, what is held in March every year around 500 BC
A fertility festival - plays were also held during this time which represented Theatre in ancient times
28
What is Dithyramb?
Ancient Greek Poetry ``` EX) The mighty master smiled to see That love was in the next degree; 'T was but a kindred sound to move, For pity melts the mind to love. Softly sweet, in Lydian measures, Soon he soothed his soul to pleasures. "War," he sung, "is toil and trouble; Honour, but an empty bubble; Never ending, still beginning, Fighting still, and still destroying: If the world be worth thy winning, Think, O think it worth enjoying. Lovely Thais sits beside thee, Take the good the gods provide thee." ```
29
What were the themes in greek theatre?
Personified stories, violence, social and ethical problems, war, lust, ect..
30
What are the 3 types of ancient greek plays?
1. tragedy (SAD) 2. comedy (FUNNY) 3. Satyr Plays (Taught moral lessons)
31
There are 3 parts to greek theatre?
1. Skene - stage area 2. Orchestra - in front - chorus - actors 3. Koilon - where people sit
32
What era is the panpipe, finger symbols, clappers from?
Greek era
33
What is parakataloge?
percussion, back up music with poetry that is rapped
34
Who is Boethius?
Wrote a book called the principles of music, key to understanding medieval music
35
Who kept education going in churches and monestaries in the dark ages?
Monks
36
What is the musical called that was the foundation of music for the entire civilization?
Hymns
37
What did Pope Gregory "Gregory the Great" do for music?
He set up the SCHOLA CANTORUM (Singing School), for the proper instruction of music He taught the boys himself - Gregorian chants AKA plainsong - monophonic; 1 line melody - syllabic; one syllable per note
38
define Melismatic
embellishing of the endings aka riffing
39
define Trope
adding a melody above the chant
40
define Neumes
little markings above the lyrics that tell people to sing higher or lower, early notation didn't help members who didn't already know the melody
41
define Musica Enchiriadis
Talks about music and how it should be notated; 19 chapters ; 1-9 plainchant; 10-19 polyphonic music (harmony)
42
Who is Guido D' Arrezo
- Monk in Italy - takes NUEMES and invents a staff and notes with no key signature or rhythm - He invents sol fege (do, re, mi, fa, so, la) - Guido's hand
43
What is the first form of conducting?
Guido's hand
44
define Organum
harmony built on top usually in perfect 4ths or 5ths
45
define Converging Parallel Organum
Two voices begin on a unison pitch then while one voice remains stationary the other voice moves until an interval of a 4th is reached. Both voices then move in parallel motion, converging back to a unison pitch at the end of each phrase.
46
define Conductus
A piece of music inserted into the mass, for the people performing the tasks can get from one spot to the next aka Travel music/Scene change music
47
define Goliards
Latin; wandering cleric 1. Leader is a mythical Bishop 2. Piety was in question 3. Earthy/Immoral 4. Philosophy was Hedonistic 5. Bring mythology to all parts of Europe for centuries the church tolerates these people
48
Burlesque
Annual Festival of the Ass
49
Feast of Fools
Annual event, goliards dance dressed as woman, weird man, play dice on altar, run and leap through church, mooning
50
Fabliaux
Comic tales in verse full of mockery
51
Troubodours hired....
Jonglours who sang to the troubodours lovers underneath their windows
52
Jongleurs is from the root word..
Juggler
53
Estampies
Most popular form of music played by Jongleurs
54
Herolds
They were on the battlefield; be able to identify the dead and blasted horns at the beginning of battle
55
Adam de la Halle
He invented the first play. "The play of Robin and Marian."
56
What is the first round created?
Sumer is icumen
57
melismatic organum
this type of polyphony uses a Gregorian chant as a tenor in long, held out notes above which another melody is added w/ many notes against each tenor note
58
free organum
advanced style that makes use of melodic independence and contrary motion in the voice parts
59
Crumhorn, rebec, shawm, sacbut(trombone), viol, rackett, hurdygurdy(bagpipe), pipe and tabor, the lute(guitar w/ 12 strings)
Medieval instruments
60
Philip de Vitry
Ars Noba - New art | Reinaissance
61
isorhythmic
for the first time a composer repeats a rhythm
62
Who is the first celebrity composer?
Guillaume de Machaut - Virelei Music - Leading composer of Ars Nova - Wrote music and lyrics to his own music
63
3 types of secular music
Madrigal, caccia, ballator
64
Madrigal
A vocal composition for 2 voices singing the same lyrics usually doubled by instruments
65
Caccia
2 voice canon/round with a fast moving pace
66
Ballator
A song that's sung to dancing
67
Francesco Landini
A blind celebrity composer who wrote Ballator music
68
BAS
Low - QUIET volume of instrument EX) Viols, lutes, flutes
69
HAUT
High - LOUD volume of instrument EX) Horns
70
Clavichord
extremely quite instrument in which the hammer strikes the string
71
Harpsichord
harp inside, plucks the string
72
Burgundy
All of W. Europe besides Italy
73
Guillame Du Fay
wrote sacred music with popular tunes Motet example
74
What does renaissance mean
Rebirth
75
Josquin des pres was from what time period
Renaissance
76
What country doesn't have a renaissance
england - magna carta - quality of music - Henry VIII composed what child is this
77
chapel royal was created by what king and what was it
King Henry 8th | 32 male singers and 12 boy singers that go with him everywhere - this still exists for the king today
78
During what time period was the mass translated from latin to english?
Renaissance

History of Music (1 decks)

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