Exam 1: Infection Control/Culture/SDOH Flashcards
What is a Healthcare associated infection (HAI’s)?
nosocomial infection, not reimbursable
What are types of HAI’s?
CAUTI (catheter associated UTI)
CLABSI (central line blood stream infection)
SSI (Surgical Site Infection)
VAE (Ventilator Associated Events)
MRSA, VRE, C-diff
Describe the Chain of Infection
Infectious Agent
Reservoir -> think hands for worker
Portal of Exit -> mode of coming out to infect other
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry (broken skin, invasive device)
Susceptible host -> immunocompromised (ADD PIC FROM SLIDE)
What makes a host susceptible to infection?
Breaks in skin (pressure ulcers, wounds)
Invasive devices (Foley)
Statis of body fluids (CHF)
Poor nutrition
Stress/Hyperglycemia
Chronic Conditions (DM, HTN, Cancer)
Drug Therapy (Steroids, chemo)
What is the #1 way we prevent the spread of infection?
hand hygiene
What is the difference between a local and systemic infection?
Local – Wound on body part or area - (abscess if left axilla)
Systemic – multiple body systems (Sepsis)
What is the difference between a chronic and acute infection?
Acute – short term ( < 3 months) *UTI, viral pharyngitis, cellulitis
Chronic – long term ( > 3 months) *Hepatitis C, H. Pylori
What is the purpose of antibiotic stewardship?
Creates drug resistant bacteria – hard to treat
What are the signs and symptoms of an infection?
Fever
Chills/Shivers/Rigors
Increased pulse, RR
Inflammatory symptoms
Pain
Purulent DrainageEnlarged lymph nodes
GI symptoms
Increased WBC
Erythrocyte sedimentary rate (ESR)
Lactate level (0.3 -2.6)
+ UA with culture and sensitivity
+ Diagnostic imagine (CXR, CT, MRI)
What is the treatment for an infection?
Rest
Comfort Measures
Ambulation & Positioning
Respiratory Interventions
Nutrition and Hydration
Immunizations
Antimicrobial Therapy
Describe standard precautions.
the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where health care is delivered
What are transmission based precautions?
the second tier of basic infection control and are to be used in addition to Standard Precautions for patients who may be infected or colonized with certain infectious agents for which additional precautions are needed to prevent infection transmission
Describe contact precautions
Requires Gown and Gloves
Direct transmission – care and handling of body fluids (foleys, drains)
Indirect transmission – transfer of infection through contaminated objects (hands, pens, stethoscopes, etc.)
Prevents the healthcare worker from being infected
Prevents spread to other patients, family, staff
C. diff, MRSA
Describe droplet precautions
-Must wear surgical mask w/in 3 feet
-Disease transported by large droplets
-Example: Influenza A
Describe airborne precautions
Private, negative airflow room
N95 Mask
Disease is transported by small droplets over long distances
Example: TB
What is the procedure for donning and doffing PPE?
Don:
1. Hand hygiene
2. Gown
3. Mask
4. Eye protection
5. Hand hygiene and gloves
Doff:
1. Gown and gloves
Exit the room
2. Hand hygiene
3. Remove Face shield and mask
4. Hand hygiene
gloves
face shield
gown
mask
What is considered contaminated on our ppe?
have or are likely to be in contact with the pt or organisms
What is protective isolation?
aims to protect an immunocompromised patient who is at high risk of acquiring micro-organisms from either the environment or from other patients, staff or visitors
surgical masks
own room
no flowers or fruit
What are medical asepsis principles we follow in the care setting?
disposable sterile objects within sterile fields
med - clean (hand hyg., clean, gloves, masks)
surg - sterile
When do we perform hand hygiene?
After every direct contact w/ patient
When should we use soap instead of alcohol based sanitizer?
obviously soiled
toileted
C. diff
What are the principles of maintaining a sterile field?
sterile touches sterile, above waist, keep dry, field must remain in sight, edges (1”) are contaminated
What do you do if you break sterile technique during a procedure?
start over
What is the definition of culture?
the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people, or other social group
Why should a nurse be culturally aware?
x
What is the difference between illness and disease?
illness - the way that individuals and families react to disease
disease - malfunctioning of biological or psychological processes
Why is it important that we understand our client’s experience with illness?
create an appropriate plan
What is the definition of culturally congruent care?
goal is to create a plan of care that fits the person’s life patterns, values, and their system of meaning
What are 3 strategies to provide culturally congruent care?
assume role of learner
include your own perspective and experience
What is the relationship between patient centered care and cultural competency?
x
Describe the 5 components of the Campinha-Bacote Model?
- cultural awareness
- cultural knowledge
- cultural skill - assessment
- cultural encounters
- cultural desire
What are some questions that we can ask to assess a client’s culture?
explanatory model
what do you call your problem?
when did it start?
What are the main principles when using a medical interpreter?
introduce
direct to patient
pace yourself
ask for clarification
How do social determinants of health lead to health disparities?
acting as barriers
What are the 5 social determinants of health?
economic stability
education access & quality
health care & quality
social & community context
neighborhood & built environment
Goal of economic stability
help people earn steady incomes that allow them to meet their health needs
Goal of education access & quality
increase educational opportunities and help children and adolescents do well in school
Goal of health care & quality
increase access to comprehensive healthcare, high-quality health care services
Goal of social & community context
Increase social and community support
Goal of neighborhood & built environment
Create neighborhoods and environments that promote health and safety
