exam 1 in class stuff Flashcards
When to call doctor COPD
stage 4- very severe
severe airflow limitaiton
impaired QOL
sp02 less then 80
cyanosis
dyspnea
tachypenia
increase hr/bp
worsening lung sounds
pulmonary hygiene -copd
SMOKING CESSATION
cough +DB
postural drainage
avoiding allergy+ pollutants
min dairy + salt intake
avoid cough suppreseants
mouth care before meals
Increase cal intake and nutrient dense foods
meds copd
Bronchodialters
corticosteroids
02 therapy
inluenxsa, pneumococcal, covid vaccine
Antibiotics
what is cf
automosal recessive disorder.
leads to excessive exocrine gland secretion
life expectancy of CF
41 is median
kids born after 2018 ar expected to live past 50
treatment for CF
flu vaccine + pertussis/measles booster
bronchodilator
antibiotics
dornase alfa
chest physiotherapy
huff cough
Increase ntruitoin -protien and fat soluble vitamins
02 therapy
lung tranplant is only definitive treatment
TB sputum
3 early morning treatments
collect specific in ultra violet room
wear n95 mask
step outside
meds tb
isoniazid
rimpafmpin
pyazinimde
ethambutol
streptomycin
se + adverse affects of tb meds
hearing loss
vision loss
hepatitis
body fluids orange/red
neuropathy-feet/hadns
ototoxicty-hearing
hepato/nephro toxicity –kidney and liver
what is tonsillectomy
surgical removal of tonsils
what to do w/ tonsillectomy
apply cold packs to neck
encourage intake of cold beverages
assess for pain
semi fowlers w/ head turned to side
warm saline mouth washes
semi/liquid diet
complications of tonsillectomy
hemorrhage
tissue swelling
spread of infection
teaching for tonsillectomy
complete full course of antibiotics
warm saline gargles
s/s of complciations
monitor temp
dispose tissues
0 aspirin for 2 weeks
what iS asthma
chronic inflammation of airway
side effects od asthma
wheezing
dyspnea
sob
chest tightness
coughing
meds for asthma
adrenergic stimulants
methylanine
antichilinergics
corticosteroids
mast cell stabilzers
loekotrine modifiers
peal flow asthma
80-100%- all good
50-80%- caution
0-50%- use bronchodilator immediately
assessment of asthma
lung sounds
spo2
respirations
subjective data
inhalers when
acute- when needed for rapid relief
prevention- everyday-ling term
use brinchodialter first, then other inhaler
how to use inhaler
shake fot 3-5 inhaler
hold mouthpiecee near mouth
press down and inhale completely
hold for 10 seconds
rinse mouth
wait 1-2 mins between puts
s/e of inhaler
tachycardia
jittery
thrush
cough
headache
abg purpose
ph
pc02
pa02
ssess alterations in acid–base balance caused by a respiratory disorder, a metabolic disorder, or both.
PH 7.35=7.45
pco2-35-35
pa-02-75-100
abg nursing interventions
notify if taking antiocagualtns/aspirin
indicate oxygen intake
apply pressure to puncture site
don’t collect blood from same arm used for iv
biopsy/brinchoscopy what is it
A biopsy of the lung is done to obtain tissue to differentiate benign from malignant tumors of the lungs
A bronchoscopy is the direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi through a bronchoscope
biopsy/brinchoscopy nursing interventions
assess for pregnancy, hypersensitivity to antibiotics, iodine or dyes
do not eat/drink fluids 8-12 hrs before
remove all stuff
assess for complications
monitor for respiratory difficulty
don’t smoke for 6-8 hrs before
chest x ray- what is it
identify abnormalities in chest structure and lung tissue, for diagnosis of diseases and injuries
chest x ray nursing interventio s
no preparation
ct/mri- what is it
CT of the thorax may be performed when x-rays do not show some areas well, such as the pleura and mediastinum.
An MRI of the thorax is used to diagnose alterations in lung tissue that are more difficult to visualize
ct/mri nursing interventions
lay still
assess for metallic implants
remove transdermal medication pathcess
don’t do if pregnant
don’t eat 4 hrs before
assess for allergies to shellfish/iodone
pulse ox what is it
his noninvasive test is used to evaluate or monitor oxygen saturation of the blood.
pulse ox nursing interventions
Assess for factors that may alter findings, including faulty placement, movement, dark skin color, and acrylic nails. Light
sputum what os it
ulture and sensitivity of a single sputum specimen is done to diagnose bacterial infections, identify the most effective antibiotic, and evaluate treatment.
sputum nursing interventions
collect early in morning
2-3 deep breaths then cough
if unstable get sputum during brinchocspy
thoracentesis what is it
A large-bore needle is inserted through the chest wall and into the pleural space
done to obtain a specimen of pleural fluid for diagnosis
thoracentesis nursing interventions
verify conset
admisnter a cough suppresant
position upright
pressure may be felt
pulmonary ventilation scan what is it
his test is performed with two nuclear scans to measure breathing (ventilation) and circulation (perfusion)
A ventilation scan is performed by scanning the lungs as the patient inhales radioactive gas.
A perfusion scan is performed by injecting radioactive albumin into a vein and scanning the lungs.
pulmonary ventilation nursing interventions
Tell the patient to remove all jewelry from the neck and chest.
acute bacterial pneumonia
acute- rapid onset, most common
acute shaking chills, fever, rust collored sputum
localized chest pain that increases with breathing
resolves uneventfully
legionnaires
caused by bacteria found in water, warm standing
dry cough, general fever-dyspnea, malaise, chills, fever headaches confusion
primary atypical
not typical presentation, more similar to bronchitis. known as walking pneumonia
fever, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias , dry non prudctuve cough
viral pneumonia
complication of influenza
Flulike symptoms of headache, fever, fatigue, malaise, and muscle aches are common, along with a dry cough.
pneumocystis pnempnia
parasitic, immunoocomprimised are at risk
patch lungs, filled with thickened alveoli
brupt onset with fever, tachypnea and shortness of breath, and a dry, nonproductive cough.
aspiration pneumonia
content entering lungs
risk factors are depressed cough/gag reflexes, impaired swallowing
Common complications of aspiration pneumonia include abscesses, bronchiectasis (chronic dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles), and gangrene of pulmonary tissue
nursing diagnosis/ proirteis of care
pnemonia
respiratory support
oxygen is priority
promote airway clearence
promote efective breathing
reduce energy demands
complementary therapy/health promotion pneumonia
echinacea- treat uri
goldenseal-treat bacteria/fungal
diagnosis pneumonia
chest x ray
sputum gram stain
sputum culture
CBC/WBC
pulse ox
abg
immuncaition pneumonia
2 rypes of vaccine
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 13 (PCV13, Prevnar-protects against 13- used in children 12-15 months and 2-6 evens
pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23, Pneumovax-protects against 23- used in adults
meds pneumonia
antibiotics to eradicate the infection
bronchodilators to reduce bronchospasm and improve ventilation.
treatments/interventions pnemonia
increase fluid intake to 2500-3000
incentive spirometry
oxygen therapy
chest physiotherapy
complications pneumonia
,hypoxemia
,oxygen is proirty,
confused d/t not getting enough o2,
respiratoy failure
nursing priories of care pneumonia
assess rest status
assess cough/sputum
place in fowlers
assis to cough and db
fluid of 2500-300
incentive spirometry, postural drainage, percussion, vibration
provide rest periods
administer oxygen
slow breathing
relaxation techniques
assist with activities
schedule rest periods
