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OS 214 G.I. > Exam 1: Gross and Histo features of Biliary Tract, Gallbladder, and Pancreatic Disorders > Flashcards

Exam 1: Gross and Histo features of Biliary Tract, Gallbladder, and Pancreatic Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

95% of biliary tract disease is attributable to what?

A

cholelithiasis (gallstones)

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2
Q

T or F: gallbladder is necessary for biliary fxn

A

F. Humans do not suffer from indigestion or malabsorption of fat after cholecystectomy

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3
Q

Most common anomaly of the GB

A

Folded Fundus (w/ Phrygian Cap)

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4
Q

Other congenital anomalies of the Biliary Tract aside from Folded Fundus

A

Duplication and Absence

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5
Q

T or F: Biliary ducts are necessary for survival

A

T

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6
Q

T or F: Biliary ducts are necessary for survival

A

T

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7
Q

Important pre-operative preparation for GB

A

Radiologic dye study to know locations of ducts and presence of all probable accessory ducts

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8
Q

Important pre-operative preparation for GB

A

Radiologic dye study to know locations of ducts and presence of all probable accessory ducts

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9
Q

2 main types of cholelithisais

A

Pigment

Cholesterol

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10
Q

In the Philippines, the most common cause of cholesterol nucleation is

A

Parasitic invasion

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11
Q

Rich people stones

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

poor people stones

A

Pigment

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13
Q

poor people stones

A

Pigment

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14
Q

Cholesterol stones contain >50% crystalline ____________

A

Cholesterol monohydrate

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15
Q

Exclusive origins of cholesterol stones

A

GB and BD

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16
Q

Predominant composition of Pigment Stones

A

Bilirubin Ca Salts

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17
Q

Pigment Stones arises primarily in the setting of _________ and ___________

A

Bacterial infections and parasitic infestations

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18
Q

What color are the pigment stones found in sterile GB bile?

A

Black

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19
Q

Where are brown pigment stones found?

A

Intra and Extrahepatic INFECTED ducts

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20
Q

Where are brown pigment stones found?

A

Intra and Extrahepatic INFECTED ducts

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21
Q

Unconjugated bilirubin is normally a minor component of bile but it increases when infection of the biliary tract leads to the release of __________

A

B-glucuronidases

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22
Q

Risk factors for gallstones

A

fat, female, forty, and fertile

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23
Q

T or F: rapid weight loss is always good for GB

A

F. FFA increase and become cholesterol along the way –> sudden push into cholesterol formation

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24
Q

Greatest demographic of pigment stones

A

Asians

25
Q

Example of an ileal disease

A

Crohn’s Disease (causes bypass; a risk factor for cholelithiasis

26
Q

How many percent are asymptomatic for gallstones in their lives?

A

70-80%

27
Q

Which is more dangerous? Big stones or small stones?

A

Small. Because these can enter canaliculi

28
Q

If the patient has cholesterol stones, how is this managed?

A

Diet and lifestyle

29
Q

3 things you need to make a pretty stne

A

Lecithin + Bile Salts + Cholesterol

30
Q

3 things you need to make a pretty stne

A

Lecithin + Bile Salts + Cholesterol

31
Q

Acute acalculous (cholecystitis w/o lithiasis) type chronic active cholecystitis results from

A

Weakening of the mucosal layer of the GB resulting to ischemia (immunocompromised)

32
Q

Outpuchings of mucosa in chronic inflammation

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

33
Q

Acute acalculous (cholecystitis w/o lithiasis) type chronic active cholecystitis results from

A

Weakening of the mucosal layer of the GB resulting to ischemia (immunocompromised); predisposes to bacterial invasion

34
Q

Outpuchings of mucosa in chronic inflammation

A

Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses

35
Q

Most common reason for emergency cholecystectomy

A

Acute cholecystitis

36
Q

Where is incidence of gangrene and perforation higher? In calculous or acalculous cholecystitis?

A

Acalculous

37
Q

Strawberry GB

A

Cholesterolosis

38
Q

Difference between deposition of cholesterol in cholesterolosis and cholelithisais

A
  • losis: subsurface

- lithiasis: intima

39
Q

3 classifications of adenoma

A

tubular, papillary, tubulo-papillary

40
Q

when is adenoma diagnosed?

A

after surgery

41
Q

Where is the opening near in a choledococoele

A

near the opening of the bile duct

42
Q

A congenital dilation of the duct wherein there is a stagnation of bile predisposed to inflammation and irritation

A

Caroli’s Disease

43
Q

A congenital dilation of the duct wherein there is a stagnation of bile predisposed to inflammation and irritation

A

Caroli’s Disease (rosary-like dilations)

44
Q

Main endocrine fxn of the pancreas

A

insulin production

45
Q

Main exocrine fxn of the pancreas

A

Digestion enzymes (w/o it = diarrhea)

46
Q

Congenital pancreatic anomaly that predisposes to obstruction of certain anatomic structures resulting to poor drainage

A

Annular pancreas

47
Q

What can annular pancreas obstruct?

A

Ureters

48
Q

What can annular pancreas obstruct?

A

Ureters

49
Q

Most common clinically-significant congenital anomaly of teh pancreas

A

Pancreas divisum

50
Q

How many pancreas are in pancreas divisum?

A

One, looks like two due to failure of fusion

51
Q

Horror of horrors among surgeons

A

Duct aberrances (each and every duct has to be isolated and closed manually to prevent leakage and re-surgery)

52
Q

T or F: Radioimaging is safe for duct aberrances

A

F. May cause pancreatitis

53
Q

Other name of aberrant pancreas

A

choristoma

54
Q

The only manifestation of aberrant pancreas

A

noticeable bulge in the abdomen

55
Q

Pancreatic enzymes

A

1) Protease (for digestion of proteins)
2) Lipase (for fat; cleaves FA from TGs; FFAs react with Ca2+ to do saponification = chalky precipitates, Ca2+ in serum decreases)
3) Elastase (attacks elastin which strengthens the vessel walls= hemorrhage pancreatitis)

56
Q

Most common pancreas problem

A

Pancreatitis

57
Q

Most common pancreas problem

A

Pancreatitis

58
Q

Pancreatitis etiologic agents

A

Alcohol
Stones
Idiopathic
Others (surgeries, ischemia, etc.)

OS 214 G.I. (2 decks)

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