Exam 1: Epidemiology Flashcards
What is the incidence of oral cancer?
Number of new cases in a given time period
What is the prevalence of oral cancer?
Number of total cases at a given time
What is morbidity?
People diagnosed and living with oral cancer
What is mortality?
People whose cause of death is directly or indirectly from oral cancer
What was the estimated number of new cases of oral cancer in the US in 2022?
54,010
What percentage of all new cancer cases in the US in 2022 were oral cancer?
2.9%
What was the estimated number of deaths in the US in 2022?
10,850
Oral cancer makes up ____% of all cancer deaths in the US
1.8%
What is the lifetime risk of developing oral cancer as of 2022?
1.2% will be diagnosed with oral cavity or pharyngeal cancer at some point during their lifetime
What is the prevalence of oral cancer in the US in 2022?
396,937
What is the percent of survival for patients diagnosed with oral cancer after 5 years?
66.9%
What is survival of oral cancer closely associated with?
Early detection
What age range is most frequently diagnosed with oral cancer?
55-64 years old
What is the median age of getting diagnosed with oral cancer?
64
What demographic group has the highest incidence rate with oral cancer?
White males
What age group has the highest mortality when diagnosed with oral cancer?
65-74 year olds
What is the median age of death from oral cancer?
68 years old
What demographic group has the highest mortality rate from oral cancer?
Black males
What demographic group has the highest number of deaths from oral cancer overall?
White males
How are the oral cancer rates in Nevada? (incidence)
Stabilized, 0% change (no longer rising)
How are the cancer mortality rates in Nevada?
Declining (-0.7%)
What demographic group is seeing the most rapid decline in oral cancer?
Females
What is the difference between odds ratio and relative risk?
Odds ratio is within the group and relative risk compares to another group
What is the relative risk for male cigarette smokers to develop oral cancer?
28 (approximately 30)
What is the relative risk for female cigarette smokers to develop oral cancer?
6.0
What is the odds ratio for males with an exposure to develop oral cancer?
38 (approximately 40)
What is the odds ratio for females with an exposure to develop oral cancer?
6
What is the relative risk for males to develop cancer in the exposed group vs the non-exposed group?
28:1
What is the relative risk for females to develop cancer in the exposed group vs the non-exposed group?
6:1
What is the odds ratio for an individual with exposure developing oral cancer?
Males: 38
Females: 6
What is a low consumption of fruits and vegetables tied to?
Increased risk of oral (and other) cancers
What is an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables tied to?
- Decreased risk of oral (and other) cancers
- True regardless of smoking status
