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Entomology > Exam 1 (Entomology) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (Entomology) Flashcards

1
Q

Survives extreme cold conditions

A

Overwintering

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2
Q

Survives extreme heat/dryness conditions

A

Aestivation

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3
Q

Mites and spiders; 1 (mites) or 2 (spiders) body regions, 8 legs, lack wings and antennae

A

Class Arachnida

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4
Q

Insects; 3 body regions, 6 legs, antennae, wings, exoskeleton, symmetrical

A

Class Hexapoda

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5
Q

egg, larva, pupa, and adult

A

Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)

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6
Q

egg, nymph, adult

A

Gradual/Incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous)

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7
Q

Moulted exoskeleton

A

Exuviae

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8
Q

The form of nymph and larva between moulting stages

A

Instar

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9
Q

Mix of feces and sawdust/leaf particles expelled by feeding insects

A

Frass

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10
Q

1st instar of scale insects and white flies

A

Crawler

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11
Q

Mites

A

Acari-

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12
Q

Spiders

A

Araneace-

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13
Q

Wasps and bees

A

Hymenoptera

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14
Q

Beetles

A

Coleoptera

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15
Q

Moths and butterflies

A

Lepidoptera

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16
Q

Grasshoppers

A

Orthoptera

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17
Q

True flies

A

Diptera

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18
Q

Feeding, sensory, brain

A

Head

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19
Q

Wings and legs (movement)

A

Thorax

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20
Q

Digestion, reproduction, excretion

A

Abdomen

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21
Q

Dorsal surface of the prothorax which in some insect shields the head

A

Pronotum

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22
Q

Small triangle plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases

A

Scutellum

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23
Q

When the veins have hardened in the wings to give structure

A

Sclerotized

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24
Q

Stunted wing (on true flies)

A

Halteres

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25
Q

Abdominal legs

A

Prolegs

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26
Q

Praying mantis type front legs for catching prey

A

Raptorial

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27
Q

Long and thin legs made for running fast

A

Cursorial

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28
Q

Chunky legs for digging

A

Fossorial

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29
Q

Jumping hind legs like grasshoppers

A

Saltitorial

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30
Q

Hook/clawing legs to hold onto things (lice)

A

Grasping

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31
Q

2 eyes, detect UV, perception of movement

A

Compound eyes

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32
Q

3 simple eyes in a triangle pattern; enhance light detection

A

Ocelli

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33
Q

Usually on larvae; simple eyes on head; caterpillars

A

Stemmata

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34
Q

Labrum, mandible, maxilla, labium

A

Mouthparts

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35
Q

Many houseflies that sponge up food

A

Sponging

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36
Q

Feeding method for honeybees and bumblebees

A

Chewing and Lapping

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37
Q

Adult butterflies and moths; sucks up nectar to feed

A

Siphoning

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38
Q

Open body cavity in which blood flows and bathes tissues and organs

A

Hemocoel

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39
Q

Blood in insects

A

Hemolymph

40
Q

Heart-like structure

A

Dorsal vessel

41
Q

Allow hemolymph to enter and exist a certain part of the body

A

Ostia

42
Q

Openings on the outside of the body that let air into the tracheal system

A

Spiracles

43
Q

Air-filled tubes branch throughout the body

A

Trachea

44
Q

Hormone that controls moulting

A

Ecdysone

45
Q

Hormone that regulates the making of ecdysone

A

Juvenile hormone

46
Q

Whole stage of metamorphosis (egg–>adult)

A

Life cycle

47
Q

How long it takes the life cycle to complete

A

Generation time

48
Q

Protective body covering that reduces water loss, has pores, joints between plates, reflect light, and release pheromones

A

Exoskeleton

49
Q

organism that causes economic or aesthetically significant harm/damage to a crop or landscape

A

Pest

50
Q

prior to 1939

A

Insecticide Era

51
Q

1939-1962

A

insecticide era

52
Q

decision making process where you’re selecting, integrating, and implementing pest control strategies that’re based on economic, ecological, and sociological consequences

A

IPM

53
Q

order of control tactics to use

A

cultural –> mechanical/physical –> genetic –> biological –> chemical

54
Q

the point where most insecticides don’t work anymore - insects can still do damage even when insecticides are added

A

insect resistance

55
Q

when chemicals are integrated into bodies of consumers and moves up the food chain

A

biomagnification

56
Q

when target pest populations that has been suppressed using pest control measures rebounds worse than before

A

primary pest resurgence

57
Q

when a target pest is suppressed and minor pest is able to grow quickly because they have no more competition

A

secondary pest outbreaks

58
Q

closely associated with people; an ecological consequence

A

sociological consequenecs

59
Q

components of an IPM program

A
  1. develop an IPM policy, 2. designate pest management roles, 3. establish IPM objectives, 4. develop a knowledge base, 5. monitoring protocols, 6. decision making guidelines, 7. control tactics, 8. evaluating an IPM program
60
Q

document that demonstrates that commitment of the company; guide for the development of the IPM program

A
  1. developing an IPM program
61
Q

identifying the roles of staff within the program; communication techniques; education and training

A
  1. designate pest management roles
62
Q

identify needs and expectations of clientele while being mindful of the budget; plant quality, management practices, being realistic

A
  1. establish IPM objectives
63
Q

key pests, key plants, key locations, plant inventory; site history; lots of research; record keeping

A
  1. develop a knowledge base
64
Q

pest species that cause the most damage and require control tactics most frequently; should know life cycle and biology

A

key pests

65
Q

plant genera that are the most suceptible

A

key plants

66
Q

sites in landscapes where problems arise; where people notice problems the most; more management required

A

key locations

67
Q

regular inspections of the managed system for insects, weeds, disease, and environmental factors; identify damage, pests, and beneficials

A
  1. monitoring protocol
68
Q

mean # of insects / sampling unit

A

pest density

69
Q

a measure of the relative warmth that accumulates each day; estimated amount of cumulative insect development that occurs over a year; amount of development that occurs in 1 day when the temp is 1 degree over the threshold (50 degrees)

A

growing degree days (GDD)

70
Q

cyclical and seasonal biological events related to climate - flowering and insect emergence - temperature dependent; better for visual cues in the spring; pest predictive calendar database

A

plant phenological indicators (PPI)

71
Q

how many pests cause how much damage? how do you decide when to take action?

A
  1. decision making guidelines
72
Q

what’s affecting the quality or vitality of the plant

A

damage

73
Q

lowest pest population level that will cause economic damage (calculation equation); amount of injury that will justify the cost of control

A

economic injury level (EIL)

74
Q

lowest pest population that causes aesthetic damage, protect appearance (no equations); based on expert opinion; amount of injury that with justify the cost of control

A

aesthetic injury level (AIL)

75
Q

pest density at which control measures should be applied to counteract the damage; should be BELOW EIL or AIL; depends on the pest and the plant and location

A

action/economic threshold

76
Q

measures taken to control pests in a landscape

A
  1. control tactics
77
Q

economic efficacy, environmental sustainability, and sociological ability

A
  1. evaluating an IPM program
78
Q

preclude a pest population from reaching a damaging level - implemented before; depends on economic/ecological cost, certainty of damage, and short time window for damage to occur

A

preventative control tactics

79
Q

remedy for pest population control when there’s an outbreak

A

curative control tactics

80
Q

plant care, landscape design, and sanitation that can prevent outbreaks; biodiversity and landscape complexity; water management, fertilization, mulching, pruning, plant installation, and plant thinning

A

cultural controls

81
Q

remove pest or exclude them, make the area inhabitable; need to do comparison for laborious work

A

mechanical/physical controls

82
Q

plants that have resistance to pests; choosing to put these in the landscape is a cultural control, but breeding is this type of control; sterile male release control; genetically modified biocontrol agents

A

genetic controls

83
Q

make sure non-native species never get to the U.S. in the first place; wood borers often come on shipping palates; prevent exotic pest species and eradicate populations quickly; stop at port of departure and arrival; quarantine and inspections

A

regulatory controls

84
Q

the use of pathogens, predators, and parasitoids to suppress pest populations (natural enemies0

A

biological controls

85
Q

feeds on only one type/taxa or prey/host

A

specialist

86
Q

feed on many different types of prey/host

A

generalist

87
Q

bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes that cause disease in insects - entomopathogenic; normally slow acting; compatible with predators and parasitoids

A

pathogens

88
Q

small insects that slowly kill and consumes a host/larger insect; develop on/in host

A

parasitoids

89
Q

feeds and develops inside the host

A

endoparasitoids

90
Q

lay their eggs and develop outside the host - feed thru cuticle

A

ectoparasitoids

91
Q

generally large, active, and eat many prey that’re the same size or smaller

A

predators

92
Q

when the ecosystem benefits humans

A

ecosystem services

93
Q

establishment of a species of a natural enemy from original home of the invasive pest and introduced to control invasive pest

A

classical/importation

94
Q

attempts to maintain species of beneficial organisms; enhancement of their habitat to promote survival and/or avoid doing things to harm natural enemies

A

conservation

95
Q

when existing natural enemy populations are low/absent, additional predators/parasitoids may be purchased and released; great for greenhouses

A

augmentation

96
Q

pathogens/entomopathogenic nematodes may be formulated into a commercial product that’s applied in a method similar to conventional pesticides

A

formulation

Entomology (11 decks)

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