Exam 1 - endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Hormones used for diagnostic testing only?

A

TSH, TRH, ACTH, GHRH, CRH

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2
Q

growth hormone analogue?

A

somatotropin

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3
Q

MOA of somatotropin

A
  • increase bone length, organs, and mm
  • stimulates erythropoietin
  • increases lipolysis
  • reg. nutrients
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4
Q

dosing of GH

A

3-7x per week SQ

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5
Q

SE of somatotropin

A

kids - arthralgia, HA, edema, growing pains
Adults - arthralgia, stiffness, back pain, carpal tunnel, edema, HA, URIs
critically ill - increased mortality

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6
Q

somatostatin analogue

A

octreotide (GH antagonist)

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7
Q

MOA of octreotide

A

inhibit release of insulin, glucagon, GH, & gastrin

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8
Q

Uses of octreotide

A
  • gastrinoma
  • insulinoma
  • rare diarrhea
  • esophageal varices bleed
  • acromegally
  • pituitary adrenoma
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9
Q

SE of octreotide

A
  • hypoglycemia
  • hypothyroidism
  • arrythmias
  • biliary tract disorders
  • GI (+ malabsorption)
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10
Q

FSH analogue

A

hCG

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11
Q

MOA of hCG

A

stimulates ovulation & spermatogenesis (IVF)

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12
Q

GnRH analogs (4)

A
  • leuprolide
  • goserelin
  • histrelin
  • nafarelin
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13
Q

MOA of GnRH analogs

A

decrease FHS = decrease testosterone & estrogen

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14
Q

uses of GnRH analogs

A
  • prostate/ovarian/breast cancer (goserelin & leuprolide)
  • controlled ovarian hyperstimulation
  • endometriosis & fibroids (nafarelin)
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15
Q

ADRs of GnRH analogs

A
  • HA
  • light-headed
  • nausea
  • flushing
  • menopause/androgen deprivation Sx
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16
Q

Dopamine analogs

A
  • bromocriptide
  • cabergoline
  • pergolide
17
Q

uses of dopamine analogs

A
  • hyperprolactinemia

- acromegaly

18
Q

ADRs of dopamine analogs (6)

A
  • HA
  • light headed
  • constipation
  • nausea
  • orthostatic hypotension
  • fatigue
19
Q

posterior pituitary analogs

A

oxytocin
vaspopressin
desmopressin

20
Q

uses of oxytocin

A
  • induce labor
  • augument protracted labor
  • control post-partum uterine hemmorage
21
Q

ADRs of oxytocin

A
  • fetal distress
  • placenta abruption
  • uterine rupture
  • vasopressin stimulation (fluid retention, hypotension, & water intoxification
22
Q

contraindications of oxytocin

A
  • fetal distress
  • pre-me
  • abnormal fetus
  • cephalopelvic disproportion
23
Q

MOA of pituitary hormone analogs vasopressin & desmopressin

A
  • increase cAMP in renal tubules
  • increases water retention
  • increase vWF and tPA
  • decreases aPTT & BT
  • increases BP
24
Q

uses for vasopressin & desmopressin

A
  • diabetes inspidious
  • ACLS protocol (increase BP)
  • esophageal or diverticular bleed
  • hemophilia A
  • von Willebrand’s disease
  • DDAVP: nocturnal enuresis
25
Q

SE of vasopressin and desmopressin

A
  • HA
  • nausea
  • abdominal cramps
  • agitation
  • allergic rxn
26
Q

contraindications of vasopressin and desmopressin

A
  • hyponatremia
  • seizures
  • renal disease
  • CAD
27
Q

Synthetic thyroid supplements

A
  • levothyroxine/Synthroid* (T4)
  • liothyroxine (T3)
  • liotrix (T4/T3)
28
Q

desiccated thyroid

A

armour thyroid

natur-thyroid

29
Q

anti-thyroid supplements

A

methimzazole

propylthiouracil

30
Q

use of thyroid hormone supplements (T3, T4, desiccated)

A

hypothyroidism

31
Q

monitoring TSH?

A

high TSH = low T3
low TSH = high T3
check 4-8 wks after dose change

32
Q

ADRs of T3/T4/dessicated?

A
  • hyperthyroidism
  • cardiac (arrythmias, MI, angina)
  • osteoporosis
  • allergic rxn (desiccated)
33
Q

when to use T3?

A

when T4 isn’t working = poor converter

34
Q

anti-thyroid hormones

A

methimazole

propylthiouracil

35
Q

MOA of methimazole & PTU

A

inhibit iodination & synthesis of thyroid hormone

PTU: blocks conversion of T4 to T3 in periphery

36
Q

how long for methimazole & PTU to take max effect?

A

4-6 months

37
Q

ADRs of methimazole and propylthiouracil?

A
  • PTU: hepatotoxicity (baseline LFTs)
  • agranulocytosis (baseline CBC, with fever, or pharyngitis)
  • fetal hypothyroidism (with pregnancy)
  • fever
  • arthralgia/lupus-like symptoms
  • rash
38
Q

drugs that decrease hyperthyroidism symptoms

A

propanolol & nadolol

39
Q

effects of propranolol & nodal on thyrotoxicosis

A

stops:

  • palpitations
  • tachycardia
  • anxiety
  • tremors