Exam 1 Drugs Flashcards
1
Q
- For the treatment of alopecia
- Originally developed as an antihypertensive agent
A
Minoxidil (Rogaine)
2
Q
- For the treatment of alopecia
- Approved for men only
A
Finasteride (Propecia)
3
Q
- Topical antimicrobial agent
- Broad spectrum G+ and G- activity
- Number 1 choice
- Used for treating burns
- Must be used withing first few hours that wound occurs
A
Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
4
Q
- Topical antimicrobial agent
- Best for contaminated burn wounds or treatment has been delayed
A
Mafenide Acetate (Sulfamylon)
5
Q
- Wet dressing
- Germicidal and astringent activity
- Should be applied immediately after injury
A
Silver Nitrate
6
Q
- Wet dressing
- Mild germicidal and astringent
A
Aluminum Acetate (Burow’s Solution)
7
Q
- Wet dressing
- Moderate germicidal activity
- Not an astringent
A
Potassium Permanganate
8
Q
- Wet dressing
- Good germicidal and astringent activity
A
Acetic Acid
9
Q
- Antihistamine
- First generation H1 antagonists
- Pass the BBB
A
- Hydroxyzine (Atarax)
- Chlorpheniramine
- Diphenhydramine
- Cyproheptadine (Periactin)
10
Q
- Antihistamines
- Seconds generation H1 antagonists
- Avoid use with imidazole antifungals and macrolide antibiotics (p450)
- Do not pass BBB
A
- Loratadine (Claritin)
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
11
Q
- Antihistamines
- H2 antagonists
- May have immunomodulating properties
A
- Cimetidine (Tagamet) (caution)
- Ranitidine (Zantac)
- Famotidine (Pepcid)
- Nizatadine (Axid)
12
Q
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists
- Block LT1 receptor
- Reduces inflammation, itching, and asthma
A
- Zafirlukast (Accolate)
- Montelukast (Singulair)
13
Q
- Antidepressants
- Antihistaminic and anticholinerigc sedating properties
- H1 blockade, maybe H2
A
- Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan)
- Zonalon (topical)
14
Q
- Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
A
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Monobactams
- Carbapenems
15
Q
- Protein synthesis inhibitors
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Tetracyclins
- Aminoglycosides
- Glycyolcyclines
- Erythromycin
- Clindamycin
- Chloramphenicol
16
Q
- Inhibitors of nucleic acid function or synthesis
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Rifampin
- Quinolones
- Antimetabolite* sulfonamides
- Trimethoprim
17
Q
- Inhibitors of cell membrane permeability/function
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Daptomycin
- Polymixins
18
Q
- 30S inhibitors
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Tetracylcine
- Minocycline
- Doxycycline
19
Q
- 50S inhibitors
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Macrolides
- Erythromycin
- Clarithromycin
20
Q
- 50S inhibitors
- More active than tetracylines
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Cindamycin
- Lincosamide
21
Q
- Cell wall inhibitors
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Ampicillin
- Amoxacillin
22
Q
- Inhibit topoisomerases to interrupt DNA functions
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Quinolones
- Ciproflxacin
23
Q
- Cell wall inhibitors
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Cephaolsporins
- Cephalexin
24
Q
- Antifolate
- Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
A
- Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
- Bactrim
25
- Reactive intermediate that damages DNA/enzymes
| - Antibiotics commonly used PO for bacterial infections in dermatological practice
- Metronidazole
26
- Oral/parenteral steroids
| - Used for anaphylaxis or serious disease conditions
- Hydrocortisone (IV)
27
- Oral/parenteral steroids
| - Used for serious eruptions and drug reactions
- Methylprednisolone (IV)
28
- Oral steroid
- Used for milder conditions
- Avoid use in severe liver failure
- Prednisone (oral)
29
- For anaphylaxis
- Epinephrine
30
- Antimetabolites
- Must avoid drug interactions with trimethoprim/sulfas
- Avoid administration with aspirin or NSAIDS
- Methotrexate
31
- Antihistamine 1st gen
- 10-25mg BID to QID
- Max dose 50mg QID
- Hydroxyzine
32
- Antihistamine 1st gen
- 25-50mg BID
- Max dose 50mg QID
- Diphenhydramine
33
- Antihistamine 1st gen
- 4mg TID-QID
- Max dose 8mg QID
- Cyproheptadine
34
- Antihistamine 1st gen
- < 6 YO 10mg BID-QID/max 50mg
- 6-12 YO 10-25mg BID-QID/max 100mg
- Hydroxyzine
35
- Antihistamine 1st gen
- 2-6 YO 6.25mg BID-QID/max 37.5mg
- 6-12 YO 12.5-25mg BID-QID/max 150mg
- Diphenhydramine
36
- Antihistamine 1st gen
- 2-6 YO 2mg Q 8-12 hours/max 12mg
- 7-14 YO 4mg Q 8-12 hours/max 16mg
- Cyproheptadine
37
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 180mg QD
- Max 180mg BID
- Fexofenadine (Allegra)
38
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 5mg QD
- Max 10mg QD
- Desloratadine (Clarinex)
39
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 10mg QD
- Max 20mg BID
Loratadine (Claritin)
40
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 10mg QD
- Max 10mg BID
- Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
41
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
| - 2-11 YO 15mg BID
Fexofenadine (Allegra)
42
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 1-5 YO 1.25 mg QD
- 6-11 YO 2.5mg QD
Desloratadine (Clarinex)
43
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 2-5 YO 5mg QD
- > 6 10mg QD
- Loratadine (Claritin)
44
- Antihistamine 2nd gen
- 6-12 months 2.5mg QD
- 1-5 YO 2.5mg QD-BID
> 6 YO 5-10mg QD
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
45
- Used in difficult or extensive cases of urticaria
- Used in angioedema that requires ER visit
- IM or UV route
- Medrol
46
- Used in anaphylactic reactions or severe cases of angioedema that requires an ER visit
- Used in patients with sever facial swelling, respiratory distress, or difficulty swallowing
- 125mg IV or IM
- Solu-Mederol (Methylprednisolone)
47
- Used in angioedema with signs of facial or respiratory involvement
- 0.2ml to 1ml SC or IM
- General dose is 0.3mg
- Epinephrine
48
- Topical antibiotic
| - Binds & inhibits tRNA-sythetase for leucine
- Mupirocin
49
- Topical antibiotic
| - Aminoglycoside; 30S inhibitors
- Neomycin
50
- Topical antibiotic
| - Cationic detergent; interacts as surfactant with negatively charged membrane phospholipids
- Polymixin B
51
- Topical antibiotic
| - Iodine (betadyne ointment) - topical antisptic/antibacterial
Povidone-iodine
52
- Topical Antibiotic
| - alpha-amino-p-toluene-sulfonamide; acts on large variety of G- and G+ bacteria - Commonly used in therapy of burns
Mafenide
53
- Topical Antibiotic
- Silver and sulfa component active against bacteria and fungi
- Often used in therapy of burns
- Silver Sulfadiazine (Silvadene)
54
- Disrupts mitosis in fungal cells
| - Adverse effects and drug-drug interactions
- Griseofulvin
55
- Usually PO
- Allylamine
- Inhibits squalene to lanosterol by squalene epxidase causing cell membrane damage
- DI: Rifampin, cimetidine
- ADR: antidepressants and cyclosporine
- Avoid use in hepatic or renal failure
- Terbinafine
56
- Imidazoles
| - Has 2 nitrogens in 5 membered azole ring
- Ketoconazole
- Miconazole
- Clotrimazole
57
- Triazoles
| - Has 3 nitrogens in a 5 membered azole ring
- Fluconazole
- Itraconazole
- Voriconazole
- Posaconazole
- Efinaconazole (Jublia)
58
- Azole topical antifungal
- 55% Mycological cure rate
- Most promising topical to date
- Better penetration
- Efinaconazole (Jublia)
59
- High rate of resistance
- Low cure rate
- Long duration of therapy
- Monitor AST and ALT for treatment > 6 weeks
- ADR: skin rashes or urticarial
- GI discomfort
- Photosensitivity
- Avoid use with oral contraceptives, warfarin, and cyclosporin
- Griseofulvin
60
- Not effective
| - Risk of drug interactions and hepatotoxicity
- Ketoconazole (Nizoral)
61
- Inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol
- Good penetration
- Lacks indication
- Monitor AST, ALT, and CBC
- Drug interactions: Category X: Citalopram
Category D: Warfarin, phenytoin, colchicine, eplerenone, sulfonylureas, clopidogrel, methadone
Category B: Oral contraceptives
- Hepatic impairment
- Fluconazole (Diflucan)
62
- Fungistatic
- Good concentration
- Toenails: 200mg QD for 12 weeks
- Fingernails: 200mg BID for 7 days per month for 2 monthly cycles
- Monitor AST, ALT, and CBC
- Multiple DI
- Hepatotoxicity
- CHF or ventricular disfunction
- Expensive
- Itraconazole (Sporanox)
63
- First line therapy
- Most effective agent
- Not effective against candida
- Fingernail: 250mg QD for 6 weeks
- Toenail: 250mg QD x 12 weeks
- Rare hepatotoxicity
- Monitor AST, ALT, and CBC
- DI Category X: Thioridazine
- DI Category D: TCA (Tricyclic antidepressants)
- Pregnancy category B
- Terbinafine (Lamisil)
