Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharm Practice 4 > Exam 1 drugs > Flashcards

Exam 1 drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins (oral and IV)

A 
Pen VK
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin-clavulanate
Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin
Penicillin G
Piperacillin/tazobactam
Ampicillin/sulbactam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pen VK

A

Veetids
Children: 25-75 mg/kg/day in divided doses q6-8h
Adults: 125-500mg PO q6-8h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amoxicillin

A

Amoxil
Children: 25-50 mg/kg/day in divided doses q8h
Adults: 250-500mg PO q8-12h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

A

Augmentin
Children (<40kg): 20-45 mg/kg/day in divided doses 2-3 times daily
Adults: 500mg q8-12h or 875mg q12h or 2g q12h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

125-500mg q6h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nafcillin sodium load

A

66mg Na+/g nafcillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Piperacillin-tazobactam sodium load

A

Zosyn

54-64mg Na+/g piperacillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ampicillin-sulbactam sodium load

A

Unasyn

115mg Na+/1.5g of combo product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cephalosporins (oral and IV)

A 
Cephalexin
Cefaclor
Ceftriaxone
Cefepime
Cefazolin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cephalexin

A

Keflex
1st generation
Children: 25-100 mg/kg/day in divided doses q6-8h (max 4g/day)
Adults: 250-1000mg q6h or 500mg q12h (max 4g/day)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cefaclor

A

Ceclor
2nd generation
Children: 20-40 mg/kg/day divided q8-12h
Adults: 250-500mg q8h (500mg q12h for ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ceftriaxone

A

Rocephin
3rd generation
IV or IM
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/day in 1-2 divided doses q12-24h
Adults: 1-2g q12-24h
max IV daily dose in renal impairment: 2g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Cefepime

A 
Maxipime
4th generation
Usually IV
Children: 50mg/kg/dose q8-12h
Adults: 1-2g q8-12h

83mg NA/g cefepime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Cefazolin

A

Keflex/Ancef
IV
48mg Na+/g cefazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Protein synthesis inhibitors

A

aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Beta Lactams

A

penicillins

cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Aminoglycosides

A 
gentamycin
tobramycin
neomycin
amikacin
binds to 30S ribosomal subunit
bactericidal and concentration dependent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Gentamycin

A

IV or IM dosing

2-5mg/kg/day in divided doses q8h

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Tetracyclines

A

doxycycline (Vibramycin/Adoxa)
minocycline (Minocin)
demeclocycline

binds to 30S ribosomal subunit
bacteriostatic
time dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Doxycycline

A

Vibramycin/Adoxa
Oral: IR and ER forms
100-200mg/day in 1-2 divided doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Macrolides

A

azithromycin, erythromycin (EES 400, Ery-Tab), clarithromycin (Biaxin), fidaxomicin (Dificid)
Bind to 50S ribosome subunit
bacteriostatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Azithromycin

A

Zithromax

Oral: 1-2g as single dose, 500mg daily, or 500mg on day 1 then 250mg on day 2-5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Clindamycin

A 
Cleocin
Lincosamide
Binds to 50S ribosome subunit
Bacteriostatic
Time-dependent

Oral: Children: 8-40mg/kg/day PO in 3-4 divided doses
Adults: 150-450mg PO q6h
IV: Children: 20-40 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses
Adults: 600-2700 mg/day in 2-4 divided doses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Metronidazole

A 
Flagyl
Bactericidal
Concentration dependent
Oral and IV forms
250-750mg q8h
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sulfamethoxazole - Trimethoprim
Bactrim Bactericidal Concentration dependent Oral: Bactrim DS: 160mg TMP/800mg SMX: 1 tab PO q12h Bactrim SS: 80mg TMP/400mg SMX: 2 tab PO q12h IV: 80mg TMP/400mg SMX
26
Nitrofurantoin
``` Macrobid/Macrodantin Bactericidal Concentration dependent Macrodantin: 50-100mg PO q6h Macrobid: 100mg PO BID ```
27
Fluoroquinolones
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin Bactericidal Concentration dependent
28
Ciprofloxacin
Cipro PO: 500-750mg q12h IV: 400mg q12h
29
Levofloxacin
Levaquin | PO or IV: 250-750mg q24h
30
Moxifloxacin
Avelox | PO or IV: 400mg q24h
31
Vancomycin
IV antibiotic | "Red Man Syndrome"
32
Daptomycin
Cubicin/Cubicin RF | IV antibiotic
33
IV antivirals
Acyclovir Ganciclovir Cidofovir
34
Acyclovir
Zovirax IV antiviral Infuse over 1 hour to reduce the risk of renal tubular damage Ensure patient maintains adequate hydration
35
Ganciclovir
Cytovene IV antiviral Hazardous agent
36
Cidofovir
Vistide IV antiviral Hazardous agent
37
IV antifungals
Eichinocandins Fluconazole Voriconazole
38
Voriconazole
Vfend IV antifungal Monitor electrolytes (K+) Hazardous agent
39
Fluconazole
Diflucan IV antifungal Don't use if cloudy or precipitated Hazardous agent
40
Eichinocandins
Micafungin (Mycamine) Caspofungin (Cancidas) Anidulafungin (Eraxis) Infuse slowly and use a central catheter is infusing high doses
41
Vaughan-William Class 1A agents
Disopyramide Quinidine Procainamide
42
Disopyramide
``` Norpace ventricular arrhythmias IR: 100-150mg PO q6h CR: 200-300mg PO q12h Take on empty stomach Beers list ```
43
Quinidine
``` A-fib/flutter, ventricular arrhythmias Gluconate (ER): 648mg PO q8h Sulfate: IR: 200-400mg PO q6h ER: 300mg PO q8-12h gluconate and sulfate forms aren't interchangeable Dose adjust CrCl<10 Low Na+ diet and food increase rate and extent of absorption Fruit juice/vit C can increase clearance ```
44
Procainamide
``` ventricular arrhythmias LD: 500-600mg IV over 25-30 mins MD: 2-6mg/min by CI Long term ADR: drug induced lupus erythematosus like syndrome Active metabolite --> class III agent ```
45
Vaughan-William Class IB agents
lidocaine mexitetine higher amounts of CNS AEs
46
Lidocaine
Xylocaine VF/pulseless VT, hemodynamic monomorphic VT Usual regimen: 1-1.5mg/kg bolus refractory VF or pulseless VT: 0.5-0.75 mg/kg bolus every 5-10 mins CI: 1-4mg/min TDM: avoid levels >5mcg/ml b/c of CNS toxicity
47
Mexiletine
``` Ventricular arrhythmias Usual dose 200-300mg PO q8h Max daily dose of 1.2g Take w/ food Avoid meds/foods that increase urinary pH ```
48
Vaughan-William Class IC agents
Flecainide Propafenone Supraventricular tachycardias Dietary considerations for both agents
49
Flecainide
``` Tambocor Usual regimen: 50-100mg PO q12h Max/day: 300-400mg Clearance decreased by strict vegetarian diets Milk interferes w/ absorption ```
50
Propafenone
Rythmol ER caps: 225mg PO q12h, may increase to max of 425mg q12h IR tabs: 150mg PO q8h, may increase to max of 300mg q8h Avoid grapefruit juice negative inotrope/chronotrope -> use caution in patients receiving beta blockers
51
Vaughan-William Class II
Beta blockers: propranolol and esmolol autorhythmics cells: decrease SA/AV nose automaticity and conduction velocity Contractile cells: MSA at high doses
52
Propranolol
Inderal 30-320mg/day divided q6-8h max/day: 640mg Non-selective bb Can be used to treat arrhythmias caused by hyperthyroidism high protein diet can increase bioavailability
53
Esmolol
Brevibloc CI: 500mcg/kg/min over 1 min, then 50mcg/kg/min max of 200mcg/kg/min Good with tenuous bp/hr
54
Vaughan-William Class III agents
``` Amiodarone Dofetilide Sotalol K+ channel blockade Prolongs QT interval Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias ```
55
Amiodarone
Cordarone/Pacerone blocks all 4 classifications Oral: 200-1600mg/day IV: 150-300mg rapid bolus (no pulse = 300mg) then 1mg/min for 6hrs, then 0.5mg/min for 18hrs Avoid grapefruit juice and lots of drug-drug interactions Doesn't prolong QT interval and safe in HF and coronary disease
56
Sotalol
Betapace 80-160mg PO BID Start in hospital b/c of life threatening ventricular tachycardia associated w/ QT prolongation Adjust frequency w/ CrCl <60ml/min
57
Dofetilide
``` Tikosyn 125-250mcg PO BID Will cause QTc prolongation Dose adjust w/ CrCl <60ml/min Contraindicated w/ cimetidine, dolutegravir, HCTZ, itraconazole, ketoconazole, megestrol, prochlorperazine, trimethoprim, verapamil ```
58
Vaughan-William Class IV agents
Non-DHP CCBs: verapamil, diltiazem Inhibits slow inward current by L-type Ca++ channels in AV/SA node --> slows conduction and prolongs repolarization Supraventricular dysrhythmias: A-fib/flutter, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
59
Verapamil
Calan IV: 0.075mg/kg bolus over 2 mins then CI of 5mg/hr Oral: 240-480mg daily in divided doses-TID Adjust dose in hepatic/renal impairment
60
Diltiazem
Dilacor, Cardizem IV: 0.25mg/kg bolus over 2 mins then CI of 5-10 mg/hr (NTE 15mg/hr) Oral: 30mg q6h or 120-360mg/day in divided doses or ER Adjust dose in hepatic impairment
61
Metformin
``` Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Glumetza 500mg PO BID titrating up to max of 2550mg/day Weight neutral, take w/ food, no alcohol D/c before contrast dye monitor Contraindicated in eGFR <30 Drug-drug interactions: ranolazine ```
62
Sulfonureas
Glipizide Glyburide Glimepiride Maintain consistent diet and take w/ breakfast Weight gain Sulfa allergy G6PD deficiency
63
Glipizide
Glucotrol, GLucotrol XL 5-20mg QD or BID Take 30mins before meals Avoid XL w/ GI obstructions
64
Glyburide
Diabeta, Micronase 2.5-5mg QD or BID take w/ food Avoid in CKD or concomitant use w/ bosentan
65
Glimepiride
Amaryl 1-4mg qd take w/ breakfast/first main meal
66
Meglitinides
Regaglinide Nateglinide Weight gain Don't use w/ sulfonureas
67
Regaglinide
``` Prandin 0.5mg TID w/ meal If meal is skipped - skip dose Take 30mins or less before meal Contraindicated w/ gemfibrozil ```
68
Nateglinide
Starlix 60-120mg TID w/ meals If meal is skipped - skip dose Take 30mins or less before meal
69
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose Miglitol Lots of GI AEs Not recommended in patients w/ SCr >2mg/dL or CrCl <25 Avoid in chronic intestinal diseases
70
Acarbose
Precose 25mg TID Take w/ first bite of food
71
Miglitol
Glyset 25mg TID Take w/ first bite of food
72
GLP-1 mimetics
``` Liraglutide Exenatide Albiglutide Dulaglutide Weight loss Boxed warning: thyroid cancer ```
73
Liraglutide
Victoza | 1.8mg SQ once daily
74
Exenatide
Byetta: 5-10mcg SQ once daily Increases INR Bydureon: 2mg SQ every week must assemble Both contraindicated in CrCL <30
75
Albiglutide
Tanzeum 30-50mg SQ every week Must dissolve first: 15mins for 30mg and 30mins for 50mg
76
Dulaglutide
Trulicity | SQ every week
77
DPP-4 inhibitors
Sitagliptin Linagliptin Alogliptin Take w/ or w/o food Weight neutral
78
Sitagliptin
Januvia 100mg QD renal adjustment may increase digoxin levels
79
Linagliptin
Tradjenta 5mg QD CYP3A4 interactions
80
Saxagliptin
Onglyza 2.5-5mg QD renal adjustment CYP3A4 interactions Avoid in new/worsening HF
81
Alogliptin
Nesina 25mg QD Renal adjustment Avoid in new/worsening HF
82
SGLT-2 inhibitors
Cangliflozin Dapagliflozin Empagliflozin ``` Precautions: ketoacidosis, fractures, hyperkalemia, renal impairment Contraindicated in CrCl <30 Weight loss s/s decreased blood pressure UTI/genital fungal infections are common Increased LDLs ```
83
Cangliflozin
``` Invokana 100mg QD Take w/ first meal of the day CYP3A4 substrate Only use 300mg if CrCl >60ml/min Increased risk of leg/foot amputation ```
84
Dapagliflozin
Farxiga | 5mg QD
85
Empagliflozin
Jardiance Decreased CV mortality and hospitalization due to HF in Type 2 DM w/ CVD Dose adjust in eGFR <45
86
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
Pioglitazone Rosiglitazone Precaution: edema, macular degeneration, bladder cancer, fractures Contraindication: HF Drug-drug interactions
87
Pioglitazone
Actos 15mg QD Decreased triglycerides May reduce CVD
88
Rosiglitazone
Avandia 4mg QD Increased LDLs Don't start in patients w/ stable IHD
89
Glucovance
glyburide + metformin
90
Janumet/Janumet XR
sitagliptan + metformin
91
Jentadueto/Jentadueto XR
Linagliptan + metformin
92
Kombiglyze/Kombiglyze XR
Saxagliptan + metformin
93
Invokamet
Canagliflozin + metformin
94
Glyxambi
Empagliflozin + Linagliptan
95
Duetact
Pioglitazone + glimepiride
96
Rapid Acting Insulins
Insulin Aspart/Lispro/Glusine | All expire 28 days after opening
97
Insulin Aspart
``` Novolog (Flexpen) Onset: 10-20mins Peak: 40-50mins Duration: 3-5hrs Give 5-10mins before meal ```
98
Insulin Lispro
``` Humalog (Kwikpen) Onset:15-30mins Peak: 30mins - 2.5hrs Duration: 3-5hrs Give w/in 15mins of meal or immediately after ```
99
Insulin Glulisine
``` Apidra (Solostar) Onset: Peak: Duration: Give w/in 15mins of a meal or w/in 20mins after starting a meal ```
100
Short Acting/Intermediate Acting Insulins
Regular insulin NPH OTC
101
Regular Insulin
``` Humulin R and Novolin R Onset: Peak: Duration: Give 30mins before a meal Humulin R expires 28 days after opening Novolin R expires 42 days after opening ```
102
NPH
``` Humulin N (vials and pens) and Novolin N Onset: Peak: Duration: Cloudy appearance Humulin N vials expire 28 days after opening Humulin N pens expire 14 days after opening Novolin N expires 42 days after opening ```
103
Basal Insulin
Insulin Degludec, Detemir, Glargine
104
Insulin Degludec
``` Tresiba Flextouch (U-100 and U-200) Onset: 30-90mins Duration: >24hrs Dosed once daily Expires 56 days after opening ```
105
Insulin Detemir
``` Levemir (Flextouch) Onset: 1-2hrs Duration: up to 24hrs Once or twice daily 12hrs apart Expires 42 days after opening ```
106
Insulin Glargine
``` Lantus (Solostar) U-100, Toujeo Solostar U-300 Onset: 1-2hrs Duration: up to 24hrs Acidic pH, cloudy appearance Toujeo is more concentrated Expires 28 days after opening ```

Pharm Practice 4 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions