Exam 1 - Drugs

Question 1

Drug Category

Answer 1

Disease it fixes - examples - action / what it does - side effects / watch out for

Question 2

ACE inhibitor

Answer 2

CHF, HTN - -pril, captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, quinapril - Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin P, which is a vasoconstrictor, therefore relaxing blood vessels and reducing blood pressure.
Lowers blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, preventing vasoconstriction; reduces aldosterone production and fluid retention, lowering circulating fluid volume - angioedema, cough, electrolyte (ACE), retain K

Question 3

Angiotension II receptor antagonists

Answer 3

CHF, HTN - -sartan, losartan, valsartan, olmesartan - prevent vasoconstriction

Question 4

Aldosterone agonists

Answer 4

CHF, HTN - aldactone - reduce Na reabsorption in kidneys

Question 5

Beta blockers

Answer 5

CHF, HTN - -olol, metoprolol, reduce HR, cardiac output- bradycardia, orthostatic - expected, bronchoconstrict - don’t give to COPD, sexual malfunction (BOBS)

Question 6

Inotropic agents

Answer 6

CHF, HTN - digoxin - slow heart, increase contractility, digoxin toxicity +2.4, therapeutic range 0.8-2.0

Question 7

Diuretics - thiazide

Answer 7

CHF, HTN - hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide), Chlorthalidone - increase urine output, decrease excess fluid, lowers K, dysrhythmias

Question 8

Diuretics - loop

Answer 8

CHF, HTN - furosemide (lasix), torsemide (demadex) - increase urine output, decrease excess fluid, lowers K

Question 9

Diuretics - potassium sparing

Answer 9

CHF, HTN - Spironolactone (Aldactone) - increase urine output, decrease excess fluid, does not lowers K, not as effective as loop or thiazide diuretics

Question 10

Anticoagulants - Heparin

Answer 10

CHF, HTN - heparin (lovenox uses PT, INR) - prevents clots - check PTT, H&H, platelets, protamine sulfate is antidote, assess for bleeding

Question 11

Anticoagulants - Coumadin

Answer 11

CHF, HTN - coumadin, warfarin - prevents clots - check PT, INR, vitamin K is antidote, assess for bleeding

Question 12

Anticoagulants - Thrombolytics

Answer 12

CHF, HTN - -ase, alteplase, reteplase - breaks up clots - check PT, PTT, CBC, check allergies, assess for bleeding

Question 13

Vasodilators

Answer 13

CHF, HTN - nitro - lower BP - check BP

Question 14

Calcium channel blocker

Answer 14

HTN - -dipine, amlodipine, nicardipine, fedipine - vasodilation, reduce systemic vascular resistance, grapefruit, rash - expected, edema - expected, abdominal - nausea, vomiting, tachycardia (GREAT)

Question 15

Central alpha agonists

Answer 15

HTN - clonidine, reduce norepinephrine reuptake, reduce peripheral vascular resistance

Question 16

Alpha adrenergic agonist

Answer 16

HTN - norepiphrine, phenylinephrine, dilate arteries, veins

Question 17

Anticholinergics

Answer 17

COPD - Spiriva, Atrovent - bronchial muscles relax, breathlessness, standard maintenance - dry mouth, mild cough

Question 18

Expectorants

Answer 18

COPD - guaifemesin, mucolytics - acetylcysteine - thin sputum, easier to cough up

Question 19

Short acting beta agonist

Answer 19

COPD - Albuterol, Isuprel, terbutaline, Xonopex - bronchodilators for acute situations - maybe fast / irregular heartbeats, mild anxiety, tremor, restlessness, headaches, usually go away with regular use

Question 20

Long acting beta agonist

Answer 20

COPD - Serevent - bronchodilators for maintenance COPD stage 2-4 - maybe fast / irregular heartbeats, mild anxiety, tremor, restlessness, headaches, usually go away with regular use

Question 21

Systemic steroids

Answer 21

COPD - Advair, Symbicort - anti inflammatory, severe COPD, frequent exacerbations, combined with long acting bronchodilators, increase survival, reduce exacerbations - immunosuppression, anxiety, hyperglycemia, fluid retention

Question 22

Antiobiotics

Answer 22

COPD - acute bronchitis, pneumonia - penicillins, cephalosporins - compliance with complete drug regimen, only with confirmed bacterial infection

Question 23

Antihyperlipoproteinemics

Answer 23

HTN - lovastatin (Mevacor), simvastatin (Zocor), and atorvastatin (Lipitor) - these lower both LDL and tryglyceride levels