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Cardio Module > Exam 1 Diuretics > Flashcards

Exam 1 Diuretics Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of this diuretic include: free glomerular filtration, limited tubular reabsorption, inert/nontoxic, resistant to metabolic alteration

A

Osmotic diuretics

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2
Q

Type of diuretic that is not reabsorbed but carries equivalent amount of fluid

A

Osmotic diuretics

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3
Q

Primary site of action is descending loop of henle

A

Osmotic diuretics

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4
Q

increases excretion of all electrolytes

A

osmotic diuretics

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5
Q

adverse side effects include acute rapid expansion of ECF-could cause cardiac decompensation/failure in CVD

A

osmotic diuretics

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6
Q

Headache and Nausea are common SE

A

osmotic diuretics

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7
Q

General therapeutic uses: acute renal failure, glaucoma, mobilize edema fluid, reduce spinal fluid volume/pressure before neurosurgery

A

osmotic diuretics

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8
Q

Prototypes: Mannitol and Isosorbide

A

Osmotic diuretics

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9
Q

Osmotic diuretic that has poor GI absorption

A

Mannitol

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10
Q

Osmotic diuretics that can be taken orally

A

Isosorbide

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11
Q

all of these types of diuretics have a free sulfonamide group

A

CA inhibitors

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12
Q

this diuretic causes alkaline urine and metabolic acidosis

A

CA inhibitors

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13
Q

increased excretion of Na, K, HCO3, H20

A

CA inhibitors

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14
Q

Diuretic effect is self-limiting because metabolic acidosis reduces filtered load of HCO3

A

CA inhibitors

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15
Q

Absorption is rapid and complete; half-life is 6-9 hours

A

CA inhibitors

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16
Q

Prototype: Acetazolamide (DIAMOX)

A

CA inhibitors

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17
Q

not used as primary diuretic due to short action

A

CA inhibitors

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18
Q

General therapeutic uses: alkalinize urine, glaucoma, reduces epileptic seizure, mountain sickness

A

CA inhibitors

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19
Q

Adverse side effects: Parasthesia

A

CA inhibitors

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20
Q

Adverse side effects: drowsiness is common

A

CA inhibitors

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21
Q

Adverse side effects: can cause kidney stones (due to alkaline urine –> precip. Ca PO4)

A

CA Inhibitors

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22
Q

hypersensitivity/allergic reactions may occur but are rare with this class of diuretics

A

CA inhibitors

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23
Q

Class of diuretics that was developed to improve action of CAI’s

A

Thiazides

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24
Q

Prototype: Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

A

Thiazides

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25
Q

MOA: inhibits the Na/Cl symport in the distal segment of the nephron, also limited CA inhibition

A

Thiazides

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26
Q

diuretic that causes K-depletion due to excess Na in the distal tubule

A

Thiazides

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27
Q

Chronic use leads to decreased uric acid excretion which can lead to GOUT

A

Thiazides

28
Q

decreases Ca excretion and increases Mg excretion, also increases excretion of other halogens (Iodine, Bromine)

A

Thiazides

29
Q

Orally active with incomplete GI absorption (10-20%)

A

Thiazides

30
Q

relatively long-acting due to protein binding, but protein binding and duration varies greatly

A

Thiazides

31
Q

Adverse SE: mild GI symptoms

A

Thiazides

32
Q

Adverse SE: HYPOnatremia and dehydration

A

Thiazides

33
Q

Adverse SE: K+ depletion; important in CVD

A

Thiazides

34
Q

Adverse SE: HYPERGLYCEMIA

A

Thiazides

35
Q

Adverse SE: uric acid buildup= GOUT

A

Thiazides

36
Q

General Therapeutic use: Hypertension (most common), edema of CHF or with chronic liver and renal disease

A

Thiazides

37
Q

Class of diuretics that have prompt onset and short duration of action

A

Loop diuretics

38
Q

diuretics that have little or no acid/base change

A

Loop diuretics

39
Q

Diuretics that inhibit Na/Cl transport in the Ascending loop

A

Loop diuretics

40
Q

Prototype: Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid

A

Loop diuretics

41
Q

MOA: inhibit the Na-K-2Cl symport in the ascending loop of henle

A

Loop diuretics

42
Q

MOA reduces the counter-current multiplier mechanism

A

Loop diuretics

43
Q

minor diuretic effect CA inhibitor; main effect occurs in ascending loop

A

Furosemide

44
Q

increases Ca, Mg, K excretion

A

Loop diuretics

45
Q

Decreases uric acid excretion like thiazides

A

Loop diuretics

46
Q

General therapeutic use: edema of pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, and renal origin

A

Loop diuretics

47
Q

General therapeutic use: refractory edema; little or no response to thiazides

A

Loop diuretics

48
Q

General therapeutic use: drug OD to enhance the rate of drug elmination

A

Loop diuretics

49
Q

Adverse SE: dehydration most common (related to diuretic potency)

A

Loop diuretics

50
Q

Adverse SE: electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia) and hypotension

A

Loop diuretics

51
Q

hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia (arrhythmias)

A

Loop diuretics

52
Q

Adverse SE: uric acid retention - gout (same as thiazides)

A

Loop diuretics

53
Q

Adverse SE: Ototoxicity

A

Loops (most common Ethacrynic Acid)

54
Q

K+ sparing diuretic that is an aldosterone receptor antagonist

A

Spironolactone

55
Q

Inhibits Aldosterone action in the distal tubule and collecting ducts to enhance Na and water excretion, and enhance K retention

A

Spirononlactone

56
Q

the diuretic effet is limited by hormonal regulation of aldosterone

A

Spironolactone

57
Q

Orally well absorbed (steroid)

A

Spironolactone

58
Q

half-life is 1.5 hours, and 17 hours for active metabolite

A

Spironolactone

59
Q

Adverse SE: HYPERkalemia, GI symptoms, Androgen-like effects

A

Spironolactone

60
Q

General therapeutic use: Edema of hypertension in combo with thiazides to prevent K loss (Aldactazide)

A

Spironolactone

61
Q

K+ sparing diuretics that act on late distal tubules and collecting ducts; cause Na, Cl, H20 loss

A

Amiloride and Triamterene

62
Q

Orally well absorbed (30-70%)

A

Amiloride and Triamterene

63
Q

peak action 1-2 hours, half-life 6-12 hours

A

Amiloride and triamterene

64
Q

Adverse SE: Hyperkalemia most serious, nausea and dizziness most common

A

Amiloride and triamterene

65
Q

General Therapeutic use: Edema of hypertension in combo with thiazide (Dyazide)

A

triamterene

Cardio Module (5 decks)

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