Exam 1 Developmental Theories

Question 1

Erikson

Answer 1

Looks at how one develops psychosocially

Question 2

Piaget

Answer 2

Cognitive, looks at how one thinks

Question 3

Piaget (Birth - 2 years) Sensorimotor

Answer 3

Reflexive, learns from intentional behavior, develops object permanence, anticipates other’s reactions, differentiates familiar/unfamiliar objects

Question 4

Piaget (2-7 years) Preoperational

Answer 4

Egocentric thought, increasing language, animism, reality-based play

Question 5

Piaget (7-12 years) Concrete operations

Answer 5

Understands relationships, conversation, logical reasoning limited, can see another’s point of view, less egocentric thought

Question 6

Piaget ( >13 years) Formal Operations

Answer 6

Capable of systematic, abstract thought, flexible and adaptable, make and test hypothesis, can solve most contradictions

Question 7

Erikson (0-12 months) Trust vs. Mistrust

Answer 7

Learns trust as most basic needs are met, mistrust if needs not met

Question 8

Erikson (1-3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Answer 8

Learns independent behaviors such as feeding, dressing, exercises choices. Shame/doubt if independence is not encouraged

Question 9

Erikson (3-5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt

Answer 9

Initiative occurs when child independently begins an activity instead of responding to or imitating others. Guilt occurs when caregivers frequently reprimand behaviors reflecting initiative

Question 10

Erikson (6-12 years) Industry vs. Inferiority

Answer 10

Learns self worth, gains mastery of psychosocial, physiological and cognitive skills. Less family focused. Inferiority can develop when school-age children are ridiculed by peers, don’t measure up to adult standards or lack certain skills

Question 11

Erikson (12-17 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion

Answer 11

Develops sense of self intellectually, behaviorally, cognitively and emotionally. Gains independence from parents. Peers are important. Role confusion occurs when adolescent is unable to acquire a sense of self, directions, or place within the world

Question 12

Negativism

Answer 12

Toddlers can be negative

Question 13

Animism

Answer 13

When a child believes that object possess human qualities

Question 14

Object permanence

Answer 14

Understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be sensed

Question 15

Egocentricity

Answer 15

Toddlers and preschoolers are egocentric