Exam 1 - Definitions Flashcards
A task or process to be accomplished in a set period of time, working towards longer project goal.
Activity
Ordered link between two activities representing the order of execution.
Activity Relationship
Four types of activity relationship;
FS - Finish to Start (MOST COMMON)
SS - Start to Start
FF - Finish to Finish
SF - Start to Finish
Activity that is on critical path.
Critical Activity
It is sequence of network activities which add up to longest overall duration, determine shortest time possible to complete project.
Critical Path
First step in CPM scheduling algorithm calculates each activity’s early start and early finish start.
Forward Pass
Calculated earliest date for activities on the network, find latest start and finish dates/float.
Backward Pass
An algorithm for scheduling a set of project activities. It is commonly used in conjunction with the program evaluation and review technique.
Critical Path Analysis
A chart where activities are presented by bars. Bars length = Activity duration
Bar Chart
Project modeling technique for scheduling a set of project activities. Developed in 1950’s and aims to build a model of project that contains;
- list of activities
- time (duration) that each activity will take to complete.
- logical and points such as milestones
Critical Path Method (CPM )Scheduling
Time based activity chart in which a series of horizontal lines shows amount of work done or production completed in certain periods of time in relation to what was planned
Gantt Chart
Earliest time an activity can start within target
Early Start
Earliest time an activity can finish within target
Early Finish
Latest possible activity must finish
Late Finish
Latest possible activity must start
Late Start
Amount of time an activity in a project network can be delayed wihtout causing delay to project.
Float
Difference between the finish date of the last activity on critical path
Total Float
Amount of time that spans from competition of one previously scheduled activity and extends to point which next scheduled activity is set to begin.
Free Float
An activity that determines start date and finish date of a following activity
Predecessor
Task whose start/end date is controlled by the predecessor
Successor
Schedule delay, successor activity will be delayed with respect to predecessor activity.
Lag
Example; A lag or delay such as putting 5 days for concrete because cannot stand or work on concrete for 5 days after pour.
Positive Lag
Drag an item back
Negative Lag
Logic error where activity attempts to start prior to a preceding activity.
Loop
Project activity without a predecessor or successor activity
Open Ends
Set of dates and cost frozen at start of project and used for performance evaluation as project progresses.
Base Line
Percentage value between 0 and 100 that indicates partial completeness of an activity, project, etc.
Percent Complete
Tracking overall progress of with plan, for costs, man hours, materials, etc. Can use monthly.
S - Curve
Restriction on an activity’s start or finish date in scheduling software used to impose deadlines or delay activities.
Date Constraint
Event to mark specific point in time along a project timeline. These points signal anchors and also, start and end date milestones do not impact project duration.
Milestone
Labor can be directly related/allocated to the output of a productive account. Indirect is not related to output. Labor employed directly by owner or main contractor.
Direct Labor
Costs that are not directly accountable to an activity or work package, costs can be fixed or variable. Costs which are not directly related to production.
Indirects
Bar chart, estimated or actual manpower, costs expanded.
Histogram
4 Types of Schedules
1) Master
2) Milestones
3) Look Ahead Schedules
4) Weekly Schedule
Subset of a project is ……
Work Package
United States federal law that establishes the requirement for paying the local prevailing wages on public works projects for laborers and mechanics
Davis Bacon Act
We know equipment will come in and work around it, does NOT control schedule.
Material Driven
Schedule locked in and material needed, build our whole entire schedule around that piece of equipment that is constrained and be delivered in a month or so….
Material Constrain
Not part of manpower loaded schedule
Indirect Costs
Essentially tracking overall cost at job through the schedule. Typically involves the simultaneous development of a project estimate, using various estimating tools, and a projectschedule using the critical path methodology.
Cost Loaded Schedule
Tracking all direct manpower utilized on the job site. MANPOWER DISTRIBUTION OVER TIME.
Manpower Loaded Schedule
Indirect costs and ______ _______ are basically the same thing.
General Conditions
Three Major thing for schedule?
Material, Equipment, Labor
Examples of indirect craft labor?
- water distribution
- trash - clean up
- fire watch
- equipment spotters
- crossing guards
What determines size of crew?
- Man-hours allotted tasks
- Duration
- Work area sized and amount of work
- Historical Info
What is the right crew mix?
- Duration of activity can play big factor
- Workforce experience level
- Higher the skill level then higher quality
typically include supplementary wage and nonwage payments or benefits you receive from your employer
Fringes
