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Biomechanics > Exam 1 Deck > Flashcards

Exam 1 Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Axis

A

a line passing perpendicularly through the plan

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2
Q

Sagittal plane rotations occur about a ………axis

A

medial - lateral axis

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3
Q

Frontal plane rotations occur about an …….axis

A

anterior posterior

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4
Q

Transverse Plane rotations occur about a ……….axis

A

longitudinal

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5
Q

Plantar
Dorsal

A

P- bottom of foot
D- Top of foot

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6
Q

Superior is

A

relation to torso

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7
Q

Frontal Plane Joint Movements

Elevation -
Depression -

Valgus -
Varus -

A

Elevation - elevate/lift shoulders
Depression - Lower shoulders

Valgus - Pushes knee into each other
Varus - Knees outward (air between them)

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8
Q

Transverse Plane Joint Movements

medial/lateral rotation

A

Look up

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9
Q

Biomechanical Measures

Kinematics or Kinetics (meaning for both)

A

Kinematics - (description of motion) –>Angular (Joint angles) or –>Linear (walking in a straight line)

Kinetics - (measure of forces) –>Linear (A force - ground reaction forces) or –>Angular (Torques - cause a rotation)

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10
Q

Linear Motion

A

translation of a body

all parts of the body travel exactly THE SAME distance, in THE SAME direction, at THE SAME time.

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11
Q

Rectilinear -

Curvilinear -

A

R - is a straight line

C - Curved line

angular orientation is always maintained

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12
Q

Angular Motion -

A

all parts of the body travel through the same angle, in the same direction, in the same time about an axis of rotation

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13
Q

General Motion -

A

Combination of linear and angular kinematics

Ex: Rotation of wheels results in linear motion of the bike.

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14
Q

Weight is a ……..

A

Force

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15
Q
  1. Length is measured in
  2. Mass is measured in
  3. Time

Weight is mass with gravity

A
  1. Meters m
  2. Kilograms kg (MASS DOES NOT CHANGE)
  3. Sec s
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16
Q

Kinematics Dimensions and Units Derivative measures LECTURE 3

A
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17
Q

Kinetics =

A

study of forces acting on body

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18
Q

Statics =

A

Study of force and torque when a system in state of constant motion

At rest = constant velocity = no acceleration

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19
Q

Dynamics =

A

Study of force and torque when a system in state of changing motion

System not in steady state motion = acceleration is non zero

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20
Q

Force

A
  • effect of one body on another
  • a push or pull applied to an object

Examples:

  • Weight (the attraction to earth)
  • Bone on Bone (really cartilage to cartilage)
  • Muscle (the pull of sarcomeres, via tendons)
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21
Q

External Forces

A

Forces that act on a “system” as a result of its interaction with the enviroment surrounding it

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22
Q

Internal Forces

A

Forces that at within the “system” whose motion is being investigated

23
Q

How to calculate FORCE

A

F = mass x acceleration

Units are N = Newtons

24
Q

Scalar

Vector

Magnitude + Direction =

A

S - Quantity with a magnitude (Distance) Height will not change

V - Quantity with magnitude and direction

= Scalar

25
Linear Motion - Kinematics =
Travels in a straight line - translation Body parts travel same distance direction and time = Description of motion = Linear Kinematics
26
Distance and Displacement Units: Scalar or Vector? Equation:
Typical Units - cm, m, km Distance - Scalar - Length of a path from the starting to finishing position Displacement - Vector - Change in location of a point expressed as a length and direction from the starting position to the ending position D = Df - Di
27
Speed vs. Velocity Scalar or Vector? Units: Equation:
Speed - Scalar - Rate of distance traveled over a period of time Velocity - Vector - Rate of displacement over a period of time in a given direction Velocity = displacement/change in time Units - m/s, rad/s, deg/s
28
Average vs. Instantaneous
Instantaneous - calculates the velocity at existing or measured at a particular instant Example: - Driving down 34 from greeley to loveland - Out of town speed limit is 65 mph - As you go faster the speed on your speedometer is your instantaneous speed Average Velocity = V/T
29
Acceleration - Scalar or Vector: Equation: Units:
Vector - Describes rate of change of linear and angular velocity wrt time - Rate of change in velocity over time Acceleration = Vf - Vi/change of time Units: m/s^2, rad/s^2, deg/s^2
30
Linear Kinematics Scalar Vectors
Scalars - Distance and Speed Vectors - Displacement and Velocity and Acceleration
31
Velocity = Acceleration = Instantaneous velocity = Instantaneous Acceleration =
V = rate of change of position wrt time A = rate of change of velocity wrt time Instantaneous velocity = is reflected by the slope of the position curve at some instant in time Instantaneous Acceleration = in reflected by the slope of the velocity curve at some instant in time
32
Changes in Curve Slide
33
Slope =
number which describes the change in a curve
34
Weight is a………
Force
35
Uniformly Accelerated Motion (Projectile Motion)
3 equations must have constant veritable acceleration and horizontal velocity
36
Speed of release: most important Increases in VH Increases in VV
V H increase distance. Increases in VV increase time of flight.  Height of release
37
Height of release Increases time of flight. VH and VV remain same
time of flight. VH and VV remain same
38
Angle  of  release Affects ratio of horizontal and vertical velocities
Overall, effect is minimal since increases in one are  offset by decreases in the other. 
39
Optimum angle of release
If take off height = landing height Optimum angle of release is always 45 degrees
40
Angular Position (theta) Measure can be taken Units:
Measure can be taken Line wrt line Joint angle Line wrt plane segment angle Units: radians, degrees, revolutions
41
Radian
A radian is defined as the ratio between the circumference of a unit circle and the length of its radius
42
Angular Displacement
Moving from different points Angular motion is not static Difference between initial and final positions Units: radians
43
Angular Velocity
A vector Rate of change of angular position over time Magnitude and directions Rad/sec How fast it’s going around a point or curve
44
Angular Acceleration
rate of change of angular velocity wrt time • (a vector) (Magnitude & Direction)
45
Arc Length is
Displacement
46
Tangential Velocity
Linear tangential velocity is the linear speed of any object moving along a circular path
47
Tangential Accleration
The linear acceleration that describes the rate of change in magnitude of tangential velocity Linear and angular acceleration • An object must be forced to follow a curved path (remember inertia and Newton’s 1st law – more to come) • A change of direction (see arrows) represents a change in velocity (a vector quantity). • If there is a change in velocity, there is a resulting acceleration. Watching the ball as it moves example (being on the ball)
48
Centripetal Force
Center seeking force Direction of centripetal force is always 90° to the motion of the body Towards the axis of rotation Along the radius F = MA
49
Relationship between Velocity and Acceleration
When velocity is constant acceleration is constant (0)
50
How is radius effected when velocity and acceleration is constant?
51
Smaller radius the
Faster the velocity
52
If a velocity changes a direction it has an acceleration to it
53
If velocity is constant in the horizontal motion what is acceleration……
Zero??????

Biomechanics (7 decks)

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