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Biomechanics > Exam 1 Deck > Flashcards

Exam 1 Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Axis

A

a line passing perpendicularly through the plan

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2
Q

Sagittal plane rotations occur about a ………axis

A

medial - lateral axis

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3
Q

Frontal plane rotations occur about an …….axis

A

anterior posterior

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4
Q

Transverse Plane rotations occur about a ……….axis

A

longitudinal

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5
Q

Plantar
Dorsal

A

P- bottom of foot
D- Top of foot

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6
Q

Superior is

A

relation to torso

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7
Q

Frontal Plane Joint Movements

Elevation -
Depression -

Valgus -
Varus -

A

Elevation - elevate/lift shoulders
Depression - Lower shoulders

Valgus - Pushes knee into each other
Varus - Knees outward (air between them)

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8
Q

Transverse Plane Joint Movements

medial/lateral rotation

A

Look up

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9
Q

Biomechanical Measures

Kinematics or Kinetics (meaning for both)

A

Kinematics - (description of motion) –>Angular (Joint angles) or –>Linear (walking in a straight line)

Kinetics - (measure of forces) –>Linear (A force - ground reaction forces) or –>Angular (Torques - cause a rotation)

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10
Q

Linear Motion

A

translation of a body

all parts of the body travel exactly THE SAME distance, in THE SAME direction, at THE SAME time.

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11
Q

Rectilinear -

Curvilinear -

A

R - is a straight line

C - Curved line

angular orientation is always maintained

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12
Q

Angular Motion -

A

all parts of the body travel through the same angle, in the same direction, in the same time about an axis of rotation

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13
Q

General Motion -

A

Combination of linear and angular kinematics

Ex: Rotation of wheels results in linear motion of the bike.

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14
Q

Weight is a ……..

A

Force

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15
Q
  1. Length is measured in
  2. Mass is measured in
  3. Time

Weight is mass with gravity

A
  1. Meters m
  2. Kilograms kg (MASS DOES NOT CHANGE)
  3. Sec s
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16
Q

Kinematics Dimensions and Units Derivative measures LECTURE 3

A
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17
Q

Kinetics =

A

study of forces acting on body

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18
Q

Statics =

A

Study of force and torque when a system in state of constant motion

At rest = constant velocity = no acceleration

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19
Q

Dynamics =

A

Study of force and torque when a system in state of changing motion

System not in steady state motion = acceleration is non zero

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20
Q

Force

A
  • effect of one body on another
  • a push or pull applied to an object

Examples:

  • Weight (the attraction to earth)
  • Bone on Bone (really cartilage to cartilage)
  • Muscle (the pull of sarcomeres, via tendons)
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21
Q

External Forces

A

Forces that act on a “system” as a result of its interaction with the enviroment surrounding it

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22
Q

Internal Forces

A

Forces that at within the “system” whose motion is being investigated

23
Q

How to calculate FORCE

A

F = mass x acceleration

Units are N = Newtons

24
Q

Scalar

Vector

Magnitude + Direction =

A

S - Quantity with a magnitude (Distance) Height will not change

V - Quantity with magnitude and direction

= Scalar

25
Q

Linear Motion -

Kinematics =

A

Travels in a straight line - translation
Body parts travel same distance direction and time

= Description of motion = Linear Kinematics

26
Q

Distance and Displacement

Units:

Scalar or Vector?

Equation:

A

Typical Units - cm, m, km

Distance - Scalar - Length of a path from the starting to finishing position

Displacement - Vector - Change in location of a point expressed as a length and direction from the starting position to the ending position

D = Df - Di

27
Q

Speed vs. Velocity

Scalar or Vector?

Units:

Equation:

A

Speed - Scalar - Rate of distance traveled over a period of time

Velocity - Vector - Rate of displacement over a period of time in a given direction

Velocity = displacement/change in time

Units - m/s, rad/s, deg/s

28
Q

Average vs. Instantaneous

A

Instantaneous - calculates the velocity at existing or measured at a particular instant

Example:

  • Driving down 34 from greeley to loveland
  • Out of town speed limit is 65 mph
  • As you go faster the speed on your speedometer is your instantaneous speed

Average Velocity = V/T

29
Q

Acceleration -

Scalar or Vector:

Equation:

Units:

A

Vector

  • Describes rate of change of linear and angular velocity wrt time
  • Rate of change in velocity over time

Acceleration = Vf - Vi/change of time

Units: m/s^2, rad/s^2, deg/s^2

30
Q

Linear Kinematics

Scalar

Vectors

A

Scalars - Distance and Speed

Vectors - Displacement and Velocity and Acceleration

31
Q

Velocity =

Acceleration =

Instantaneous velocity =

Instantaneous Acceleration =

A

V = rate of change of position wrt time

A = rate of change of velocity wrt time

Instantaneous velocity = is reflected by the slope of the position curve at some instant in time

Instantaneous Acceleration = in reflected by the slope of the velocity curve at some instant in time

32
Q

Changes in Curve Slide

A
33
Q

Slope =

A

number which describes the change in a curve

34
Q

Weight is a………

A

Force

35
Q

Uniformly Accelerated Motion (Projectile Motion)

A

3 equations must have constant veritable acceleration and horizontal velocity

36
Q

Speedofrelease:mostimportant
IncreasesinVH
IncreasesinVV

A

V H increasedistance.
IncreasesinVV increasetimeofflight. Heightofrelease

37
Q

Heightofrelease
Increasestimeofflight.VH andVV remainsame

A

timeofflight.VH andVV remainsame

38
Q

Angle of release
Affectsratioofhorizontalandverticalvelocities

A

Overall,effectisminimalsinceincreasesinoneare
offsetbydecreasesintheother.

39
Q

Optimum angle of release

A

If take off height = landing height
Optimum angle of release is always 45 degrees

40
Q

Angular Position (theta)

Measure can be taken

Units:

A

Measure can be taken

Line wrt line
Joint angle

Line wrt plane segment angle

Units: radians, degrees, revolutions

41
Q

Radian

A

A radian is defined as the ratio between the circumference of a unit circle and the length of its radius

42
Q

Angular Displacement

A

Moving from different points

Angular motion is not static

Difference between initial and final positions

Units: radians

43
Q

Angular Velocity

A

A vector

Rate of change of angular position over time

Magnitude and directions

Rad/sec

How fast it’s going around a point or curve

44
Q

Angular Acceleration

A

rate of change of angular velocity wrt time
• (a vector) (Magnitude & Direction)

45
Q

Arc Length is

A

Displacement

46
Q

Tangential Velocity

A

Linear tangential velocity is the linear speed of any object moving along a circular path

47
Q

Tangential Accleration

A

The linear acceleration that describes the rate of change in magnitude of tangential velocity

Linear and angular acceleration
• An object must be forced to follow a curved path
(remember inertia and Newton’s 1st law – more to come)
• A change of direction (see arrows) represents a
change in velocity (a vector quantity). • If there is a change in velocity, there is a
resulting acceleration.

Watching the ball as it moves example (being on the ball)

48
Q

Centripetal Force

A

Center seeking force

Direction of centripetal force is always 90° to the motion of the body
Towards the axis of rotation
Along the radius
F = MA

49
Q

Relationship between Velocity and Acceleration

A

When velocity is constant acceleration is constant (0)

50
Q

How is radius effected when velocity and acceleration is constant?

A
51
Q

Smaller radius the

A

Faster the velocity

52
Q

If a velocity changes a direction it has an acceleration to it

A
53
Q

If velocity is constant in the horizontal motion what is acceleration……

A

Zero??????

Biomechanics (7 decks)

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