Exam 1 CXR Flashcards
An overexposed CXR will be ____ in nature & ____ can be seen very well?
- Too dark
- Bones
An underexposed CXR will be ____ in nature & the ___ ___ can be seen very well?
- Too white
- small pulmonary structures
Obese patients will create what kind of CXR exposure?
Underexposure
In which view will the heart appear larger?
AP (anterior to posterior) view
At what rough landmark will the diaphragm appear on a CXR?
T8- T10
What is the system to look at a CXR from least to most importance?
- Abdomen
- Thorax
- Mediastinum
- Individual lung
- Bilateral lung
What is an easy way to see if the Pt is rotated on a CXR?
Look at the trachea and/or cervical spine
Anterior ribs will be slanted ___ & posterior ribs will be slanted ___ on a CXR?
- Down
- up
The heart is about ___ the size of the chest?
1/3
Which side of the diaphragm tends to be higher?
The right side
Normal air under the diaphragm tends to be ___?
Unilateral
A lateral CXR view is better to assess which lobes?
The right lobes
What area does the RUL cover?
Upper 1/3 of the right lung
The RUL extends to the first ___ posterior ribs & to the ___ of the anterior ribs?
- 3-5
- 4th
The RML has what kind of shape on a lateral CXR?
A triangle shape
Where is the RML the narrowest?
Near the Hilum
The RLL extends anteriorly to ____ & posteriorly to ____?
- Diaphragm
- 6th thoracic vertebrae
What separates the RUL & RML?
The Minor Fissure (Horizontal fissure)
What separates the right 3 lobes?
The Major Fissure (Oblique fissure)
What separates the 2 left lobes?
The Major Fissure (Oblique fissure)
Where is the restrosternal space?
In front of the heart/aortic arch
What is the silhoutette sign?
It is the loss of an outline of a particular structure
Why do we see the trachea & proximal bronchi but not the lung bronchi?
- The trachea & proximal bronchi are surrounded by soft tissue density.
- The lung bronchi are surrounded by air density.
What is an air bronchogram sign?
- Visualization of air in the intrapulmonary bronchi.
- It indicates an abnormal CXR because sift tissue is surrounding the bronchi.
A normal heart will have ___ of its size to the right of the sternum & ___ of its size on the left side of the sternum?
- 1/3
- 2/3
What are the examples of localized liquid densities?
- Infiltrates
- Consolidation
- Cavitation (Lesions)
- Mass
- Congestion
- Atelectasis
What are examples of generalized liquid densities?
- Diffuse alveolar
- Diffuse interstitial
- Mixed, Vascular
What are examples of increased air densities?
- Localized airway obstruction
- Diffuse airway obstruction
- Emphysema
- Bulla
What is lobar consolidation?
Alveolar space filled with inflammatory exudate
What are examples of lobar consolidation?
- Secretions
- sinusitis
- Pneumonia (most common)
What is atelectasis?
Loss of air (no ventilation of the area)
What are the stages of evaluating an abnormality?
- Identification of abnormal shadows.
- Localization of lesion.
- Identification of pathological process.
- Identification of etiology.
- Confirmation of clinical suspension
Which diaphragm side is more common to have free air under it?
The right side
What is the Ghon Complex & what does it present?
Indicative of TB & looks like calcified nodules
Lung masses will appear as what kind of structures?
Round shapes & usually calcified
What will be seen on a Pneumomediastinum?
- Air in the mediastinum.
- Will see a thin line around the heart
What will be seen in a Pneumothorax?
The outline of the particular lobe/s pressed towards the center of the chest
What is the deep sulcus sign?
- Indicator of a pneumothorax on a supine CXR.
- The costophrenic angle will appear deep, lucent & possibly lower & sharper than usual.
How can one tell if a coin is in the esophagus?
- The face of the coin will sit flat against the C-Ring of the trachea.
- Flat side will face anteriorly.
How can one tell if a coin is in the trachea?
The flat sides of the coin will face laterally (towards the ouside).
What is the bat wing sign?
Bilateral pulmonary edema/consolidations.
What will be seen on a CXR with an aortic dissection?
- A widened mediastinum
- The heart will deviate to the Pt’s left
What is Chilaiditi sign?
- Diaphragm rupture
- Gas or bowel will appear under the diaphragm
What will an esophageal rupture look like on a CXR?
It looks like sub-Q air around the trachea
What is Boerhaave’s sign?
Esophageal rupture secondary to forceful vomiting
What does a pulmonary lesion look like on a CXR?
Like a circle with a calcified ring.
What does TB look like on a CXR, where does it start & it’s location?
- Like cotton.
- Starts at Hilum
- Tends to be bilateral
Tumors are usually what shape?
Round
