Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psb2000 > Exam 1 Cram Sesh > Flashcards

Exam 1 Cram Sesh Flashcards

1
Q

How do neurons communicate and adapt?

A

*chemical message
*neurotransmitters and recepteors
*adaptive role of synapses in learning and memory
*neurotransmitter systems and behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Synapse

A

Neurons communicate by transmitting chemicals at junctions called synapses

Specialized gap between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who discovered synapses

A

Charles Scott Sherrington

Investigated how neurons communicate with each other by studying reflexes

The speed of the communication was validated the idea of synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are both controlled by acetylcholine neurons that emanate from the

A

Spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dunce
Rutabaga

A

Genetic mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Maintains sleep and wake patterns

A

Serotonergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Chlonergic

A

Linked to waking eeg patterns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Maintains emotional tone

A

Noradrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When response to a stimulus is strengthened with repeated stimulus presentation

A

Sensitization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When a response to stimulus weakens with repeated stimulation

A

Habituation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Nigrostriatal pathways of the ________ system maintain normal motor behavior

A

Dopaminergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does a Sea slug respond to touch

A

Withdrawing is siphon and gill

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

System linked to depression and mania

A

Noradrenergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Associated with drugs and alcohol

A

Dopaminergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

System associated with Alzheimer’s disease

A

Chlolinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Filopodia are the bases for

A

Dendritic spines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

System maintains sleep and wake patterns

A

Serotonergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Repeated=habituation

A

Less response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system are controlled by

A

Neurons from the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A sea slug is prodded repeatedly. Each time it’s prodded

A

The influx of calcium ions decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

During sympathetic arousal,________ turns down digestion.

A

Norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A ______________ known as cAMP plays an important role in changing the structure of synapses

A

Second messenger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alzheimer’s is linked to which system

A

Cholinergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder is linked to which system

A

Serotonergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sensitization leads to longer than normal responses to a shock because
More neurotransmitters are released by the sensory neuron
26
Bodys “second brain”
Enteric nervous system
27
Repeated habituation may trigger a ________neuron to _____ synapses
Sensory; lose
28
The main receptor in the somatic nervous system is the __________ acetylcholine receptor.
Nicotinic
29
An activating system is a neural pathway that is controlled by a single
Neurotransmitter
30
After a terrible scare which nervous system calms the body back down
Parasympathetic
31
During rest and digest, ____________ turns down heart rate
Acetylcholine
32
MPTP is related to what disease
Parkinson’s disease
33
The main receptor in the somatic nervous system
Ionotrophic
34
Dopaminergic
Drugs and addiction
35
During sympathetic arousal what turns up heart rate?
norepinephrine
36
Linked to decrease in Serotonergic activity
Depression
37
Linked to decrease in noradrenic activity
Hyperactivity
38
Decrease in metabolism in pathways of Dopaminergic system is linked to
Attention problems
39
I’m the somatic nervous system an _______ receptor opens a lore, which ______ the muscle fiber
Ionotrophic; depolarizes
40
Sympathetic system produces
Fight or flight responses
41
Activating subsystems are most likely to be apart of the
CNS
42
What technology allows us to see a synapse
Electron microscope
43
Neurotransmitter
Chemical released by a neuron onto a target with an excitatory or inhibitory effect
44
Have distant targets, action slower that the ones of a neurotransmitter
Hormone
45
Hypothalmus..pituitary gland…hormones…
Target organs organs and glands glands
46
Single neurotransmitter binding to a receptor can activate a sequence of events called
Amplification cascade
47
G protein activates a
Second messenger
48
Metabotrophic receptors have a widespread effect, what’s it called
Amplification cascade
49
Four activating systems in the CNS
Noradrenergic system Serotonergic system chlolinergic system Dopaminergic system
50
Embedded membrane protein with two parts Binding site for neurotransmitter Pore that regulates ion flow to directly and rapidly change membrane voltage
Ionotropic
51
Metabotrophic
No pore
52
Drug that mimics or increases the effects of a neurotransmitter
Agonist
53
Drug that blocks the effects of a neurotransmitter
Antagonist
54
Neither stored In synaptic vesicles nor released from them Easily crosses cell membrane I Synthesized in cell Ex. NO nitrous oxide Co carbon monoxide
Gaseous transmitters
55
Endocannabinoids Includes 2-Ag Anandamide Derived from an unsaturated fatty acid
Lipid transmitter
56
Synthesize through translation of mRNA from instructions in the neurons DNA Assembled on the neurons ribosomes in the summer and packaged in a memory and by Golgi bodies and are transported by microtubules to the axon terminal. Add slowly and are not replaced easily
Neuropeptides
57
Sleep calm mood Nerotransmitter
Serotonin
58
Movement and pleasure neurotransmitter
Dopamine
59
Epinephrine
ANS
60
Acetylcholine
Voluntary muscles ;autonomic nervous system
61
Four classes of neurotransmitters
Small molecule transmitters Peptide transmitters Lipid transmitters Gaseous transmitters
62
Time period with earliest studies linking electricity and nervous system functioning
18th cent.
63
Voltmeter with a Screen that can measure minute electrical signals coming from a neuron is called
Oscilloscope
64
If medication isn’t helping epileptic seizures, what is an alternative treatment?
Surgery
65
Medication‘s aren’t helping to control epileptic seizures what is an alternative treatment?
Deep brain stimulation
66
What are micro electrodes made of
Insulated wire or glass
67
How many epilepsy cases are drug treatment ineffective for
30%
68
What percentage of epilepsy cases do not have a clear cause
60%
69
Drug for epilepsy
Dilantin
70
If there is a negative charge on one side of a membrane and a positive charge on the other side of the membrane the charge will be the highest where?
On the surface of the membrane
71
The charge of cells will be the highest
We’re positive and negative ions accumulate
72
Disease linked to excessive neural synchrony in the brain
Epilepsy
73
Alternative treatment to epilepsy
High fat low carbohydrate ketogenic diet
74
Oscilloscope measurements
Millivolts; milliseconds
75
Where did the Descartes believe cerebrospinal fluid was stored when it isn’t being used to move the body
Ventricles
76
Measurements of a single axon is being made, how?
Voltmeter
77
Voltmeter
Axon
78
Measuring minute electrical signals coming from a neuron What is used to measure
Oscilloscope
79
First researcher to stimulate the neo cortex to produce movement in a nonhuman human species
Fritsch
80
What are the axons on loligo vulgaris connected to
The stellate ganglion
81
Who discovered electrical stimulation
Luigi Galvani
82
First to measure electrical currents in the brain
Richard caton
83
Who suggested that neuronal chemistry produces an electrical charge
Julius Bernstein
84
Which device did caton used to study electrical currents in the brain
Voltmeter
85
Highly unethical scientist Human subjects
Roberts bartholow
86
Cation example
Na+
87
Anion example
Cl-
88
When two sides of a membrane possess difference in charge they have
Voltage
89
What is the acronym for the 12 cranial nerves?
Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Vegas Slot Handles Their functions can be described using the acronym: Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More

Psb2000 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions