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Corrections > Exam 1 Corrections > Flashcards

Exam 1 Corrections Flashcards

1
Q

Change in the correctional population

A 
1973= 96 per 100,000 in prison
2008= 506 per 100,000 in prison
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2
Q

Where are correctional clients located?

A

1/3 incarcerated

2/3 are in the community

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3
Q

What is corrections?

A

The facilities, programs, services, in hcarge of managing individuals who have been accused or convicted of crimes

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4
Q

What is the purpose of corrections?

A 
To help:
rehabilitate & reform
punish
deter crime & criminals
norms of society (identify social control)
Tells us who the bad people are.
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5
Q

How is corrections a system?

A

It is interconnected because whatever happens in one party will have a ripple effect that affects the rest.

  • Environment: build more prisons; where do you put them?
  • Feedback: pos/neg about what public hears
  • Complexity
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6
Q

In European corrections prior to the middle ages what was used for correctional system?

A

IT was a feudal system. People owned large lands, there were no laws.They used lex talions

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7
Q

What is lex talions?

A

The law of retaliation

-eye for an eye

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8
Q

What was the first house of corrections?

A

The bridewell palace

it was used for work

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9
Q

What were penal colonies?

A

Offenders were sent to diff colonies to work due to over crowding in jails

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10
Q

What happened from 1718 to 1776?

A

50 thousand British convicts were sent to America. Particularly to Georgia and Florida

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11
Q

From 1787 to the next 80 years were were convicts shipped to and how many?

A

160 thousand were shipped to Australia, Tasmania, New southwells

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12
Q

During the age of enlightenment and the age of reason what was the shift in penal thought and practice?

A

Occurred in the late 1700’s
1-Punishment should fit the crime
2-Belief that the offender needs to be set “straight”
3-Penitentaries started to arise (regret neg action)

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13
Q

In 1764 how did Cesare Beccaria influence penal thought and practices?

A

He wrote ta book on crimes & punishment
created the classical school
and said that laws should be clear, punishment should fit the crime, and they should be swift and certain

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14
Q

How did Jeremy Bentham influence penal thought and practices?

A

He said that the punishment should be just severe enough to deter crime.
Utilitarianism, Hedonic calculus, need to control the child like passions of criminals

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15
Q

Who was John Howard and what did he do?

A

He was a sheriff in Bedfordshire, England who wanted to improve the penitentiary and helped draft the Penitentiary act of 1779

  1. Imprisonment for 2 yrs
  2. Secure & Sanity environment
  3. Reformatory approach **work all day, repent at night
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16
Q

In colonial corrections what did Benjamin Rush do?

A

He said no more flogging, branding, or brutal punishment of prisoners in public
and in 1970:
-He converted part Philadelphia for a jail to allow for separate confinement known as WALNUT ST. JAIL

17
Q

What are 2 early examples in the rise of penitentiaries that almost all prisons worldwide were designed after?

A

The eastern and Auburn prisons

18
Q

Describe Eastern penitentiary

A

Prisoners were isolated 24/7, wore hoods to cover their faces, and it was designed in a circular way because the warden was in the center and could see/hear everything that happened
it was closed in 1971 because it was not healthy and the inmates were going crazy

19
Q

Describe the Auburn Prison

A

It was a congregate system were they were isolated at night but worked together during the day under the rule of silence
-The first execution by chair was held there

20
Q

In the Reformatory model Enoch Cobb wines found what?

A

The penitentiary approach lacking

21
Q

What was the rise of the Reformatory Model in the 1870’s?

A

Alexander Maconochie
-Mark system that said that you earned marks depending on your behavior in jail and gradually worked your way up the system until you were released to a halfway house

22
Q

How was the Reformatory Model Implemented in America?

A

Elmira Correctional Facility
held first time felons, ages 16-30
mark system of classification

23
Q

What are the components of the Reformatory model?

A
  • mark system of classification (3 grades)
  • Indeterminate sentences (work, ed, abiding by the rules, halfway houses)
  • Parole
24
Q

What were the components of the progressive model?

A 
Positivist model (bio, social, psycho)
-focused on individualized treatment
25
Q

What was the legacy of the progressive model?

A

It introduce the juvenile courts/system in 1899

  • broad use of probation/parole
  • offender focused punishment
  • crime is urban, ghetto, immigrant (concentric circles)
  • Chicago school
26
Q

What are the components of the medical model?

A

Rehabilitation is the central focus

27
Q

What is the legacy of the medical model

A
  • psychological assessment & classification
  • expansion of treatment
  • interdisciplinary focus (biological, psychiatry, psychological, social work, etc.
28
Q

What are psychological some assessment & classification tests?

A

MMPI- assessed personality, risk, needs

Roschech Test:

29
Q

What are components of the community model?

A

community reintegration

  • alternatives to incarceration
  • vocational/educational programs
30
Q

what is the legacy of the community model?

A

civil rights

31
Q

What are components of the Crime control model?

A

determinate sentencing/mandatory sentencing

incapacitation

32
Q

What is the legacy of the crime control model?

A

Robert Martinson

  • rising incarceration rates
  • punitive policies
33
Q

What were 4 foundations of legal rights of individuals?

A
  1. Constitution
  2. statues
  3. Case laws
  4. regulations
34
Q

What is the “hands off” policy?

A

Ruffin v common wealth said that prisoners don’t have rights

Corrections (2 decks)

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