Exam 1 Corrections Flashcards
Change in the correctional population
1973= 96 per 100,000 in prison 2008= 506 per 100,000 in prison
Where are correctional clients located?
1/3 incarcerated
2/3 are in the community
What is corrections?
The facilities, programs, services, in hcarge of managing individuals who have been accused or convicted of crimes
What is the purpose of corrections?
To help: rehabilitate & reform punish deter crime & criminals norms of society (identify social control) Tells us who the bad people are.
How is corrections a system?
It is interconnected because whatever happens in one party will have a ripple effect that affects the rest.
- Environment: build more prisons; where do you put them?
- Feedback: pos/neg about what public hears
- Complexity
In European corrections prior to the middle ages what was used for correctional system?
IT was a feudal system. People owned large lands, there were no laws.They used lex talions
What is lex talions?
The law of retaliation
-eye for an eye
What was the first house of corrections?
The bridewell palace
it was used for work
What were penal colonies?
Offenders were sent to diff colonies to work due to over crowding in jails
What happened from 1718 to 1776?
50 thousand British convicts were sent to America. Particularly to Georgia and Florida
From 1787 to the next 80 years were were convicts shipped to and how many?
160 thousand were shipped to Australia, Tasmania, New southwells
During the age of enlightenment and the age of reason what was the shift in penal thought and practice?
Occurred in the late 1700’s
1-Punishment should fit the crime
2-Belief that the offender needs to be set “straight”
3-Penitentaries started to arise (regret neg action)
In 1764 how did Cesare Beccaria influence penal thought and practices?
He wrote ta book on crimes & punishment
created the classical school
and said that laws should be clear, punishment should fit the crime, and they should be swift and certain
How did Jeremy Bentham influence penal thought and practices?
He said that the punishment should be just severe enough to deter crime.
Utilitarianism, Hedonic calculus, need to control the child like passions of criminals
Who was John Howard and what did he do?
He was a sheriff in Bedfordshire, England who wanted to improve the penitentiary and helped draft the Penitentiary act of 1779
- Imprisonment for 2 yrs
- Secure & Sanity environment
- Reformatory approach **work all day, repent at night
In colonial corrections what did Benjamin Rush do?
He said no more flogging, branding, or brutal punishment of prisoners in public
and in 1970:
-He converted part Philadelphia for a jail to allow for separate confinement known as WALNUT ST. JAIL
What are 2 early examples in the rise of penitentiaries that almost all prisons worldwide were designed after?
The eastern and Auburn prisons
Describe Eastern penitentiary
Prisoners were isolated 24/7, wore hoods to cover their faces, and it was designed in a circular way because the warden was in the center and could see/hear everything that happened
it was closed in 1971 because it was not healthy and the inmates were going crazy
Describe the Auburn Prison
It was a congregate system were they were isolated at night but worked together during the day under the rule of silence
-The first execution by chair was held there
In the Reformatory model Enoch Cobb wines found what?
The penitentiary approach lacking
What was the rise of the Reformatory Model in the 1870’s?
Alexander Maconochie
-Mark system that said that you earned marks depending on your behavior in jail and gradually worked your way up the system until you were released to a halfway house
How was the Reformatory Model Implemented in America?
Elmira Correctional Facility
held first time felons, ages 16-30
mark system of classification
What are the components of the Reformatory model?
- mark system of classification (3 grades)
- Indeterminate sentences (work, ed, abiding by the rules, halfway houses)
- Parole
What were the components of the progressive model?
Positivist model (bio, social, psycho) -focused on individualized treatment
