Exam 1 - Contracts and Bankruptcy Flashcards

1
Q

This act fights misrepresentation within a contract.

A

False Claims Act

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2
Q

When contracting with the government, the government is considered an “individual” and not a ruling body.

True or False

A

True.

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3
Q

The largest consumer of goods and services

A

The U.S. Government

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4
Q

These clauses are often incorporated by reference rather than written out in a contract

A

Standard Form Clauses

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5
Q

There is no such thing as “apparent authority” in government contracting.

True or false

A

True

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6
Q

The situation in which a reasonable third party recognizes that an agent has an authority to act. Meaning, the principal (owner) is bound to the decisions and actions of the agent.

A

Apparent Authority

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7
Q

The means by which contracts are awarded by the Federal Government.

A

“Best Value”

  • Performance
  • Management
  • Experience
  • Personnel
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8
Q

What are the five social and economic policies enacted within construction?

A
  1. Historically Underutilized Businesses (HUB)
  2. Veteran owned businesses
  3. Women-owned businesses
  4. Small businesses
  5. Disabled owned businesses
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9
Q

This act regulated minimum wage for workers within Federal Contracts. Based on the local prevailing wage.

A

Davis Bacon Act

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10
Q

This act allowed both the contractor and the Federal Government to make post-award monetary claims and non-monetary claims. All claims must be submitted to the Federal Government.

A

Contract Disputes Act of 1978

P.S.
This is kind of bullshit, since you’re making a claim against the people who are going to either approve or deny that claim.

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11
Q

This statute sets a time frame in which you are allowed to make a claim. After this time frame has passed, you are no longer able to make a claim.

A

Statute of limitations

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12
Q

This statute varies from state to state. In Texas, however, this statute provides that after 10 years following a dispute, a claim cannot be made against the contractor.

A

Statute of Repose

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13
Q

CDA

A

Contract Disputes Act

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14
Q

Written claims under the CDA must follow these parameters.

A
  1. Must be within 6 years (SOL - Statute of Limitations)
  2. Must be submitted to Contracting Officer
  3. Must include a specific request for a final decision
  4. Has to be written
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15
Q

The government may NOT cancel a project on a whim for no reason whatsoever, as to protect the civilian contractor.

True or False

A

False.

The government is allowed to “terminate for convenience”. Meaning, they can cancel a project for no reason with no prior warning.

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16
Q

Kickback Act

A

There are no “kickbacks” allowed within a Federal construction project.

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17
Q

Two known environmental policies within the construction industry

A
  1. Environmental Efficiency and Sustainable Design

2. LEEDS (Internationally Designed)

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18
Q

FAR

A

Federal Acquisition Regulation

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19
Q

List the FAR Expectations on Ethics

A

THE CONTRACTING COMPANY SHOULD:

  1. Conduct self with the highest degree of integrity
  2. Have an internal, written code of business ethics and conduct
  3. Have a consistent ethics training
  4. Repay to the government if the contracting company is overpaid by the government.
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20
Q

Contractors entering into a Federal contract MUST provide the following certification

A
  1. Initial solicitation
  2. Monthly progress payment applications
  3. Davis Bacon payroll data
  4. Resolution of claims

NOTE: This is not just another form to sign.

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21
Q

“Qui Tam” Actions

A

These are incentives for whistleblowers to come forward. These must be provided by the contractor.

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22
Q

Where could one find the Contractor’s Code of Ethics (Federal Gov. Contracts)

A

FAR subpart 3.10

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23
Q

Article 2 of the U.C.C. covers ________.

A

The sale of goods.

“Goods” - Moveable items for sale

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24
Q

How did Texas react to the U.C.C.

A

Texas was slow to accept the U.C.C.

25
The U.C.C. provides the right to _____ goods.
Reject
26
According to the U.C.C. Article 2, possession of a good is equal to ______ of that good.
Acceptance
27
Most terms within the standard U.C.C. can be modified. True or False
True. This includes indemnification clauses and shifting responsibilities within an agreement.
28
An expressed warranty is a(n) ______ warranty.
Written
29
An implied warranty is a(n) ______ warranty.
Assumed Ex. A space heater that is unable to warm an average room would violate its implied warranty
30
What was the verdict of the Zachry Case?
No Damages for Delay clause cannot be enforced when the owner is OPENLY NEGLIGENT. Additionally, municipalities (such as the Port of Houston) are immune from suit, unless they enter into a contract.
31
Due to the Zachry Case, schools, local governments, and other governmental municipalities are now at risk of being sued if they enter into a contract. True or False
True.
32
This clause implies that any date within the schedule is significant. Therefore, any date missed may be compensated with liquidated damages.
"Time is of the essence" clause
33
This form of business is the simplest way to do business.
Sole proprietorship
34
Define "insolvent"
Insolvent - When your debts greatly exceed your assests
35
You have to be insolvent to file for bankruptcy. True or False
False.
36
How long does bankruptcy stay on your personal record?
10 Years
37
Chapter 7 Bankruptcy
Liquidation: Give up your nonexempt assets and walk away from most debts. "Means" Test
38
Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
Reorganization: Give the debtor some breathing room to reorganize and return to profitability. This option is the best for creditors
39
Chapter 9 Bankruptcy
Reorganization for municipalities
40
Chapter 13 Bankruptcy
Restructure: Adjustment of debts for an individual with regular income. Eligibility Limits
41
Only individuals can claim non-exempt assets during bankruptcy True or False
True. Corporations are not considered individuals in this case.
42
In this contractual error, there is incomplete performance on both sides of the agreement.
Executory contract
43
This court action prohibits all non-debtors from acting against or pursuing the debtor and its properties
Automatic Stay
44
If a contractor goes broke during a project, the subcontractor may file a lien against the owner. True or false
True. Ex. A plumber being able to file a lien against a Holiday Inn when the general contractor goes broke.
45
Define the outcome of the MasTec Case
- The contract was not ambiguous - MasTec was declared to be "sophisticated" and aware of its responsibility within the agreement - MasTec assumed all risk when entering into the agreement, despite the owner's mistake - The court rules against MasTec
46
A "person" may enter into this form of business without the state's permission. More than one person is necessary.
General Partnership ``` NOTE: A person may include: - Individuals - Corporations - Other partnerships - Associations ```
47
Two or more persons, allowed to invest in a business without exposing themselves to certain liabilities.
Limited Partnership
48
An agreement to mutually share profits, split losses and expenses with its members. May be expressed or implied.
Joint Venture NOTE: These tend to be more specific than general partnership agreements
49
Legal entities distinct and SEPARATE from its shareholders
Corporations NOTE: Shareholders are not liable for actions of the corporation
50
This form of business is the "best of both worlds", meaning that it shares the benefits common to both corporations and general partnerships.
LLC (Limited Liability Company)
51
What is the threshold for ownership of a company by a minority (or a woman) for that business to be considered minority-owned?
51% minority owned or greater
52
The act of a court reaching past the laws protecting company shareholders/employees, in order to hold those shareholders/employees for corporate actions.
"Piercing the Corporate Veil" Ex. ENRON
53
When a company acts improperly and places the blame on a subsidiary of that company.
"Alter Ego Company" Ex. Parent and subsidiary companies like Converse is a subsidiary of the parent company, Nike.
54
In Texas, it is legal to interfere with a contractual business relationship as a part of the "Wild West Statute" established in 1958. True or False
False If a party does interfere with a valid contract, they may be liable under tortious interference theory
55
Texas law favors the enforcement of covenants not to compete, disclose or solicit when they are subject to reasonable limitations. True or False?
True. NOTE: These limitations must be specific and consideration must be given to prove reason-ability
56
Foreign companies must obtain a ____________ to do business in Texas.
Certificate of Authority (COA)
57
Texas requires general contractors to become licensed to perform public or private construction work. True or False
False. Texas does not.
58
List those who do require a license to perform work in Texas.
1. Engineers 2. Architects 3. Landscape Architects 4. Plumbers 5. HVAC Contractors* 6. Asbetos Abatement 7. Elevators and Lifts 8. Fire Protection 9. Fire Detection