Exam 1 Content Flashcards
What is the gold standard for evidence-based practice research?
Randomized controlled trial’s
What is health informatics?
It is the application of computer technology to healthcare delivery.
What are the benefits of delivering evidence-based services? List three
Improving the quality of care, achieving desired health outcomes, reducing healthcare costs
What is the United States preventative services task force?
It is an independent group of experts and prevention evidence-based medicine. It provides recommendations about clinical preventative services such as screenings, counseling, and preventative medication. The task force recommendations are considered the gold standard for clinical preventative services.
What grade of recommendation is this:
The USPSTF recommend selectively offering or providing the service to individual patient based on professional judgment and patient preferences. There is at least moderate certainty that the net benefit is small.
Grade C
What grade of recommendation is this:
They USPSTF recommends the service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial.
Grade B
What grade of recommendation is this:
The USPSTF recommends against the service. There is moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits.
Grade D
What grade of recommendation is this:
The USPSTF recommends this service. There is high certainty that the net benefit is substantial.
Grade A
What Grade recommendation is this:
The US PSTF conclude that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of the service. Evidence is walking of poor quality or conflicting and the balance of benefits in harms cannot be determined
Grade I statement, insufficient
What type of research is this: Examines a number of valid studies on a topic and mathematically combines a result to report them as if they were one large study
Meta-analysis
What research evidence has less robust evidence of cause-and-effect and have less reliability and validity then higher levels of evidence?
Case reports, cohort studies, and qualitative research
What is the best research design?
Randomized controlled trial’s, it can provide sound evidence of cause and effect and can’t control for bias.
The American heart association is an example of what type of research?
Expert opinion
What is the definition of this:
This is the scientific process in which the practitioner suspects the cause of a patient symptoms and signs based on previous knowledge.
Diagnostic reasoning
What is this definition:
It is situational, practice base form of reasoning that acknowledges the many variables that are present in an actual clinical situation, such as environmental and social factors involving the patient, family, community, and a team of healthcare providers.
Clinical reasoning
What type of reasoning involves developing a brief summary and which patient specific details are translated into appropriate diagnostic terminology?
Clinical reasoning
What is coherence?
The psychological links, predisposing factors and complications in a disease that is present in a patient
Describe Parsimony
Simple explanation of the patient’s findings.
 How do you determined parsimony?
The shortest way to make this determination as to ask the patient or caregiver the reason for skin care and the current understanding of the problem and possible treatment options. This is a crucial step because patients must find the treatment recommendation acceptable
Hypothesis must be tested and assess for the following characteristics
Coherence, adequacy, parsimony
What does this describe:
Generally accurate and useful rules to make the task of information gathering more manageable and efficient. Rules such as familiarity, salience, and resemblance to a patient who has a known disease
Heuristics
What is sensitivity?
Testing that is sensitive is a test that will be able to correctly identify persons with the disease that the test has been designed to test for
A negative result is likely a true negative, Is the sensitivity of specificity?
Sensitivit
A positive result is likely a true positive what is this sensitivity and specificity?
Specificity
Snout is for what?
Sensitivity rules out disease
Spin is for what?
Specificity rules in disease
Seeking data to confirm rather than refute the initial hypothesis as what type of bias?
Confirmation bias
Stopping the diagnosis process to soon? What is it
Premature closure 
What is “pursuing zebras” meaning in regards to bias?
Base right neglect
What system of reasoning is this:
Usually a slower process in which the clinician uses an explicit analytic approach and is more complicated or the clinician is less experience
System 2 reasoning
What system of reasoning is this:
Relatively rapid and intuitive.
Based on pattern recognition and involves mashing the patient’s presentation to illness script or prior example of stored in memory, usually a straightforward case.
System one reasoning
What level of prevention is this:
The goal is to identify and detect disease in its earliest stages before symptoms appear
Secondary prevention
