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Hebrew Studies: Introduction to Biblical Literature > Exam 1 Concepts Mixed > Flashcards

Exam 1 Concepts Mixed Flashcards

1
Q

Vulgate

A

The Latin translation of the HEBREW BIBLE hebraica veritas

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1
Q

Red Sea Reed Sea

A

multiple exodi? across a sea of reeds

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2
Q

Divided Monarchy (2 nations/Years)

A

Israel (N) Judah (S) 930-586BCE

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3
Q

Hyksos

A

mentioned by the egyptians as outland raiders (could have been the Hebrews) west semites 17th century bce

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3
Q

Enuma Elish

A

Another Babylonian creation myth, Marduk vs. Tiamat the sea monster, ending in creation

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3
Q

Pithom and Rameses

A

Cities that were possibly built

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4
Q

vassal treaties

A

between those of higher and lower status

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5
Q

monotheism/henotheism

A

one god/ one main god, others could exist

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5
Q

Ketuvim (type)

A

writings

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5
Q

Difference between Deuteronomy from CC and HC

A

aimed more at the people as a whole, introducing instructions for all facets of life

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6
Q

theophany

A

God revealing himself (sinai, plagues,

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6
Q

“Holocaust” offerings

A

wholly burnt

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6
Q

kuntillet ajrud

A

multiple locations of worship, multiple YHWH’s?

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7
Q

63 BCE

A

Romans enter city of Jerusalem

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8
Q

text type

A

a category of texts similar to each other. could be in different languages

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8
Q

Jubilee Year

A

ownership returns to original

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9
Q

divine election

A

yahweh choosing abram, and issac over ishmael

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9
Q

instances of God revealing himself, or divine election: (6-7)

A

abraham (gen 12), not eliezer, not ishmael, issac aquedah, moses, Israel, Aaronide priests

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11
Q

Latter Prophets

A

Isaiah, Jeremy, Ezekiel, 12 Minor Prophets

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12
Q

Baal

A

Baal fights three main battles

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12
Q

JEDP

A

Jahwist, Elohist, Deuteronomist, Priestly

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13
Q

Hellenstic Period

A

330-63BCE

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13
Q

primeval history

A

composite creation account, 7 day p account, then longer storylike j account

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14
Q

HOLINESS CODE (chapter)

A

Leviticus 17-26

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15
Q

shelamim

A

innards in sacrifice that can’t be eaten

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16
Q

aleppo/ leningrad codex

A

different entire books (text types)

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16
Q

Maccabean Revolt

A

168-164BCE (Basically a revolt against the Hellenistic State, ending in the rededication of the temple)

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16
Q

Covenant code

A

law code of God, exodus 21-23 contains apodictic and casuisitic laws

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18
Q

Bible vs. History(3 points)

A

Years/Generations, No evidence of Israel before 1250, transhumant pastoralism

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19
Q

Deuteronomy speeches (2)

A

starts with sinai, shema,

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20
Q

dead sea scrolls

A

earliest know manuscripts of the hebrew bible

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21
Q

Torah (type)

A

law

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23
Q

597-586? BCE

A

babylonians capture jerusalem, start of exile

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24
Q

701 BCE

A

Sennacarib threatens Jerusalem, but Hezekiah leads a revolt backed by the nubian empire, and Jerusalem is not taken

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25
Q

Egypt: Old Kingdom

A

2700-2160, Sphinx, pyramids

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25
Q

etiology

A

explanation of why things are the way they are

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25
Q

the Aqedah

A

story of issac being nearly killed by abraham

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26
Q

ehyeh asher ehyeh

A

i am who i am,

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28
Q

Egypt Middle Kingdom

A

Contains time of the Hyksos that fractures egypt.

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29
Q

Hebrew Bible vs Old Testament

A

Same content, but different amount of books, and ordering.

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31
Q

Babylon

A

Old civilization that wrote atrahasis

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32
Q

Holiness Code

A

Leviticus 17-26! Reintroduces morality and purity into P. (supplement?) celebrations, sexual relations,

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34
Q

Vulgate

A

Latin bible

34
Q

Name of mountain (2)

A

Horeb (E and D) Sinai (J and P)

35
Q

(P) Priestly Source (3 things)

A

Formulaic, genealogy rituals, dates, very specific covenant, communication with God only through priestly intermediates DISTINCTLY JUDAHITE.

36
Q

suzerain treaty layout

A

preamble, historical prologue, stipulations, desposition on display, witnesses, curses and blessings (ALSO FORMAT OF DEUTERONOMY)

37
Q

J (Jawist) (time, 4 things)

A

9th century Anthropomorphic , Personal God, theme: promise and fulfillment, Judahite

38
Q

covenant code details:

A

Exodus 20-23! preamble, ten commandments(apodictic/casuistic),

39
Q

personal creation account given by:

A

J

41
Q

Hebrew Bible

A

Tanak: Torah (Law) /Nevi’ im (Prophets)/Ketuvim (Writings)

42
Q

3 points of historical empirical evidence:

A

archaeology, corroboration of other sources

43
Q

Council of Jamnia

A

2nd c. CE Canon of the Hebrew Bible is finalized

44
Q

levitical priests / josiah

A

levitical priests may have influenced the writing of Dtn because it doesn’t distinguish Aaronhood priests and levites.

45
Q

Massoretic Text

A

(MT) Original Hebrew Manuscript only consonants

47
Q

Creation (age of earth)? and by whom?

A

4004BCE acc. Bishop Ussher

47
Q

Gilgamesh

A

Gilgamesh was powerful, so the gods made enkidu to be an equal. Enkidu was wild, and was tamed by a prostitute. He and Gilgamesh go on adventures together, but in the end, because of their reckless behavior, enkidu has to die. Gilgamesh is sad and tries to find eternal life. The alewife however, tells Gilgamesh that it is the destiny of humans to not live forevermore and so he should just eat, drink, and be merry.

48
Q

Composition vs. Redaction

A

Writing vs Editing

49
Q

Difference between Deuteronomy from CC and HC

A

aimed more at the people as a whole, introducing instructions for all facets of life, aimed at the entrance into the promised land as a guide for a whole civilization

51
Q

Palestinian, Babylonian, Tiberian pointing/vocal systems

A

vowels written below, above, then in comes the massoretic text that was super precise and anal

52
Q

722BCE

A

Northern Israel Captivity by Assyria

52
Q

Torah

A

The Pentateuch, or first 5 books of the Hebrew bible, the law.

53
Q

7 day creation account written by:

A

P

54
Q

Julius Wellhausen

A

Created the documentary hypothesis

56
Q

Year of Conquest of canaan

A

1250 B.C.E

57
Q

722, 701, 597, 586, 539

A

Assyrian destruction of israel, invasion of judah, babylonian exile 1, main exile temple destroyed, persia rules and cyrus allows israelites to return

59
Q

transhuman semi-nomadism

A

moving up for the summer, down for the winter according to best grazing cycles

60
Q

70 CE

A

Second destruction of temple

62
Q

Amarna period

A

Near conversion to monotheism with Aten, the sun disk god. Distinct artist style, Amunhotep -> Akhentaten.

63
Q

Jerome

A

Created Vulgate from HEBREW “hebraica veritas”

64
Q

Themes of ANE Literature (3-4)

A

Anthropology, death (role), enjoying life/civilization, benefits of kingship/order

65
Q

2 things about P creation:

A

very categorical, liturgical observance of the sabbath

67
Q

LXX

A

Septuagint (Greek, 70 scholars in separate rooms)

69
Q

(D) Deuteronomist (3 things)

A

Mostly Deuteronomy, retelling of Exodus, style words phrasing, concerned with covenant, CENTRALIZATION IN JERUSALEM

70
Q

Persian Period

A

539-330BCE

71
Q

Baal, Asherah, Ashtart

A

Shema declares loyalty to YHWH alone

72
Q

The Law of Moses

A

= Torah

73
Q

Difference of biblical c vs. history

A

bib chron is schematic, specific rhetorial point of israel

75
Q
A
76
Q

promise

A

circumcision, yhwh alone, offspring

77
Q

539BCE

A

King Cyrus of persia takes over babylon and allows the israelites to return

78
Q

Day of Atonement

A

once a year to cover all sin that wasn’t sacrificed for, sins laid on goat who is driven out of camp. second animal is slaughtered

79
Q

70 c.e

A

Fall of Jerusalem to Romans

80
Q

Former Prophets:

A

Narratives Joshua, Judges, Samuel, Kings

81
Q

(E) Elohist (time, 3 things)

A

8th century bce Concerned with dreams, general god, northern concerns

82
Q

vassal vs. suzerain

A

normally has a historical narrative explaining why the vassal owes the suzerain something.

83
Q

apodictic vs. casuistic laws

A

do/do not ~ if, then

84
Q

‘adam

A

man

85
Q

Role of sacrifice in NE

A

gods dependent on it,

87
Q

Holiness code

A

concern with morality, calendar, purity, appropriate relations, Jubilee year

88
Q

Shema

A

Deut 6:4-5 (love the lord your God with all your heart, soul, and strength

89
Q

role of sacrifice in HB

A

due dilligence, removes sin, God not dependent on it

90
Q

Jean astruc

A

realized “elohim” vs. “yhwh”

91
Q

Josiah

A

Southern Judah king who wanted to declare the centralization of the temple in Jerusalem both as a unifying political move, and religious. Possibly his scribes wrote deuteronomy.

93
Q

Doublets

A

A second account of the same story. Helps to prove that the bible was created from different sources.

94
Q

Sumer (ia)

A

Oldest known civilization with archaeology. Had cuneiform writing

95
Q

Deuteronomy speeches (2)

A

starts with sinai, shema,

97
Q

621 bce

A

josiah’s centralization

98
Q

United Monarchy (Kings/Years)

A

Saul, David, Solomon (1000-930 BCE)

99
Q

The “kabod” of YHWH

A

literally “glory” aniconism

100
Q

Canaan

A

Mention apiru could have been “Hebrew”

101
Q

Merneptah Stele

A

follows Ramses II (first to mention “people “)

102
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Land around, and between the Tigris and Euphrates.

103
Q

Building of second temple

A

520-515BCE

104
Q

Nevi’im (type)

A

prophets

105
Q

Egypt New Kingdom

A

Probably the Hebrews building Luxor temple and Hatshepsut’s tomb. Ramses II is probably the person mentioned in Exodus

106
Q

Atrahasis

A

Hero of Babylonian flood story, saved by enki. MAIN POINTS: Humans were not destroyed a second time, because the gods are dependent on humans sacrificing, because they like the smell.

107
Q

etiology of humans

A

human toiling, childbearance,

Hebrew Studies: Introduction to Biblical Literature (5 decks)

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