Exam 1: Chapter 32 - Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema Flashcards
What occurs when the heart muscles unable to pump effectively resulting in inadequate cardiac output, myocardial hypertrophy, and pulmonary/systemic congestion?
Heart failure
what is the result of an acute or chronic cardiopulmonary problem, such as systemic, hypertension, an MI, pulmonary hypertension, dysrhythmias, valvular heart disease, pericarditis, or cardiomyopathy? 
Heart failure
What is a severe, life-threatening accumulation of fluid in the alveolar in the interstitial spaces of the lung that can result from severe heart failure?
Pulmonary edema
Who created a functional classification scale indicating the level of activity it takes to induce manifestations of impaired function in the heart?
New York heart Association
what is class I of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?
The client exhibit snow manifestations with activity
what is class II of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?
The client has manifestations with ordinary exertion
what is class III of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?
The client displays manifestations with minimal exertion
what is class IV of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?
The client has manifestations at rest
Who developed evidence-based guidelines for staging in managing heart failure in comparison with the New York heart association?
American College of cardiology and American heart association
what is stage A according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?
Client is at high risk for developing heart failure
what is stage B according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?
Client has cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling, but no manifestations of heart failure
what is stage C according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?
client has current or prior manifestations of heart failure
what is stage D according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?
client has refractory end-stage heart failure
What is low output heart failure?
- Can occur on either side of the heart initially
What is systolic heart failure characterized by in left-sided, low output heart failure
Ejection fraction below 40%, pulmonary systemic congestion
What is diastolic heart failure characterized by in left-sided, low output heart failure
inadequate relaxation, or stiffening prevents ventricular filling
What is high output, heart failure?
an uncommon form of heart failure which cardiac output is normal or above normal
What is health, promotion and disease prevention for heart failure, and pulmonary edema?
- maintain an exercise routine to remain physically, active and consult with the provider before starting any exercise regimen
- consumer diet, low in sodium along with fluid restrictions and consult with the provider regarding diet specifications
- Refrain from smoking
- Follow medication regimen and follow up with the provider as needed
what group of people have an increased risk for heart failure, and you can have worse manifestations do to increase systolic blood pressure and some medication?
Older adults
What are risk factors for left sided heart failure?
hypertension,
coronary artery disease
angina
MI,
valvular disease (mitral and aortic)
What are risk factors for right sided heart failure?
- left sided heart failure
- Right ventricular MI
- Pulmonary problems (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis)
What are risk factors for high output heart failure?
- increased metabolic need
- Septicemia (fever)
- Anemia
- Hyperthyroidism
What are risk factors for cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure?
- Coronary artery disease
- Infection or inflammation of the heart muscle
- Various cancer treatments
- Prolonged alcohol use
- Hereditary
True or false: the presence of other chronic illnesses, such as lung disease and kidney failure, can mask the presence of heart failure, an older adult clients
True
Pulmonary congestion, frothy sputum, dyspnea, orthopnea is associated with what type of heart failure
Left sided heart failure
S3  heart sound or gallop is associated with what type of heart failure
left sided heart, failure or cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure
what does a displaced apical pulse represent?
Hyper trophy in left sided heart failure
What type of heart failure is an altered mental status associated with
Left sided heart failure
What is jugular vein distention associated with in terms of heart failure
Right sided heart failure
What is ascending dependent edema associated with heart failure?
Right sided heart failure
What is fatigue, weakness, nausea and anorexia manifestations of
Right sided heart failure
What is hepatomegaly and tenderness associated with in heart failure
right side heart failure
What is weight gain a manifestation of in terms of heart failure?
Right sided heart failure
What is cardiomyopathy?
Blood circulation in the lungs is impaired when the cardiac pump is compromised
What are the four types of cardiomyopathy?
- dilated most common
- Hypertrophic
- arrhythmogenic right ventricular
- Restrictive
What is cardiomegaly associated with?
Cardiomyopathy
What does the laboratory test performed to determine heart failure?
human b-type natriuretic peptides (hBNP)
for clients who have DiSpina why is it a good idea to take an HBNP test?
Elevated HBNP confirms a diagnosis of heart failure rather than a problem originating in the respiratory system
what level of HBNP indicates no heart failure
<100 pg/ml
What level of HBNP indicates mild heart failure
> 300 pg/ml
What level of HPNP suggest heart failure is present
100-300 pg/ml
what level HBNP indicates moderate heart failure
> 600 pg/ml
what level of HBNP indicates severe heart failure
> 900 pg/ml
