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Adult Health II > Exam 1: Chapter 32 - Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema > Flashcards

Exam 1: Chapter 32 - Heart Failure and Pulmonary Edema Flashcards

1
Q

What occurs when the heart muscles unable to pump effectively resulting in inadequate cardiac output, myocardial hypertrophy, and pulmonary/systemic congestion?

A

Heart failure

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2
Q

what is the result of an acute or chronic cardiopulmonary problem, such as systemic, hypertension, an MI, pulmonary hypertension, dysrhythmias, valvular heart disease, pericarditis, or cardiomyopathy? 

A

Heart failure

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3
Q

What is a severe, life-threatening accumulation of fluid in the alveolar in the interstitial spaces of the lung that can result from severe heart failure?

A

Pulmonary edema

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4
Q

Who created a functional classification scale indicating the level of activity it takes to induce manifestations of impaired function in the heart?

A

New York heart Association

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5
Q

what is class I of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?

A

The client exhibit snow manifestations with activity

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6
Q

what is class II of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?

A

The client has manifestations with ordinary exertion

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7
Q

what is class III of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?

A

The client displays manifestations with minimal exertion

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8
Q

what is class IV of the New York car associations functional classification scale of heart failure?

A

The client has manifestations at rest

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9
Q

Who developed evidence-based guidelines for staging in managing heart failure in comparison with the New York heart association?

A

American College of cardiology and American heart association

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10
Q

what is stage A according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?

A

Client is at high risk for developing heart failure

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11
Q

what is stage B according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?

A

Client has cardiac structural abnormalities or remodeling, but no manifestations of heart failure

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12
Q

what is stage C according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?

A

client has current or prior manifestations of heart failure

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13
Q

what is stage D according to the American College of cardiology in American heart association and staging heart failure?

A

client has refractory end-stage heart failure

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14
Q

What is low output heart failure?

A
  • Can occur on either side of the heart initially
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15
Q

What is systolic heart failure characterized by in left-sided, low output heart failure

A

Ejection fraction below 40%, pulmonary systemic congestion

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16
Q

What is diastolic heart failure characterized by in left-sided, low output heart failure

A

inadequate relaxation, or stiffening prevents ventricular filling

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17
Q

What is high output, heart failure?

A

an uncommon form of heart failure which cardiac output is normal or above normal

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18
Q

What is health, promotion and disease prevention for heart failure, and pulmonary edema?

A
  • maintain an exercise routine to remain physically, active and consult with the provider before starting any exercise regimen
  • consumer diet, low in sodium along with fluid restrictions and consult with the provider regarding diet specifications
  • Refrain from smoking
  • Follow medication regimen and follow up with the provider as needed
19
Q

what group of people have an increased risk for heart failure, and you can have worse manifestations do to increase systolic blood pressure and some medication?

A

Older adults

20
Q

What are risk factors for left sided heart failure?

A

hypertension,
coronary artery disease
angina
MI,
valvular disease (mitral and aortic)

21
Q

What are risk factors for right sided heart failure?

A
  • left sided heart failure
  • Right ventricular MI
  • Pulmonary problems (COPD, pulmonary fibrosis)
22
Q

What are risk factors for high output heart failure?

A
  • increased metabolic need
  • Septicemia (fever)
  • Anemia
  • Hyperthyroidism
23
Q

What are risk factors for cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure?

A
  • Coronary artery disease
  • Infection or inflammation of the heart muscle
  • Various cancer treatments
  • Prolonged alcohol use
  • Hereditary
24
Q

True or false: the presence of other chronic illnesses, such as lung disease and kidney failure, can mask the presence of heart failure, an older adult clients

A

True

25
Q

Pulmonary congestion, frothy sputum, dyspnea, orthopnea is associated with what type of heart failure

A

Left sided heart failure

26
Q

S3  heart sound or gallop is associated with what type of heart failure

A

left sided heart, failure or cardiomyopathy leading to heart failure

27
Q

what does a displaced apical pulse represent?

A

Hyper trophy in left sided heart failure

28
Q

What type of heart failure is an altered mental status associated with

A

Left sided heart failure

29
Q

What is jugular vein distention associated with in terms of heart failure

A

Right sided heart failure

30
Q

What is ascending dependent edema associated with heart failure?

A

Right sided heart failure

31
Q

What is fatigue, weakness, nausea and anorexia manifestations of

A

Right sided heart failure

32
Q

What is hepatomegaly and tenderness associated with in heart failure

A

right side heart failure

33
Q

What is weight gain a manifestation of in terms of heart failure?

A

Right sided heart failure

34
Q

What is cardiomyopathy?

A

Blood circulation in the lungs is impaired when the cardiac pump is compromised

35
Q

What are the four types of cardiomyopathy?

A
  • dilated most common
  • Hypertrophic
  • arrhythmogenic right ventricular
  • Restrictive
36
Q

What is cardiomegaly associated with?

A

Cardiomyopathy

37
Q

What does the laboratory test performed to determine heart failure?

A

human b-type natriuretic peptides (hBNP)

38
Q

for clients who have DiSpina why is it a good idea to take an HBNP test?

A

Elevated HBNP confirms a diagnosis of heart failure rather than a problem originating in the respiratory system

39
Q

what level of HBNP indicates no heart failure

A

<100 pg/ml

40
Q

What level of HBNP indicates mild heart failure

A

> 300 pg/ml

41
Q

What level of HPNP suggest heart failure is present

A

100-300 pg/ml

42
Q

what level HBNP indicates moderate heart failure

A

> 600 pg/ml

43
Q

what level of HBNP indicates severe heart failure

A

> 900 pg/ml

Adult Health II (9 decks)

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